排污收费存在的问题及其对策

排污收费是国家环境管理的重要经济手段，具有强制性。作者着重论述了现行排污收费中存在的问题，分析了主要原因，并结合环境监察工作实际，提出了相关的对策和建议。     

应用冷等离子体净化尾气中NO的研究

本文设计了轻便的电晕放电装置 ,并用其进行了冷等离子体去除NO的实验研究 ,得到了NO的去除率随放电管的输入功率、NO的初始浓度以及气体的流量而变化的对比曲线。在流量较小 (≤ 0 .0 5m3 /h)或者浓度较低 (≤ 15 0×10 -6)的情况下 ,本文所设计的装置去除NO的效果较好 (>80 % )。该装置体积小、重量轻、功耗低 ,加以改进 ,对于实际的汽车尾气排放控制 ,具有良好的应用前景     

Laboratory and field measurements of NOx produced from corona discharge

This research consists of a laboratory study and a field study. The laboratory research reports the formation of NO_x from a point to plane corona discharge. Discharge polarity and relative humidity determined the amount of NO_x that was produced. The positive point discharge caused more NO_x to form than the negative point discharge. For both polarities NO_x production showed a nonlinear increase with current. Relative humidity enhanced the NO_x formation for both polarities. In each case, the amount of NO_x formed was comparable to the quantity of N₂O produced from corona discharge. The research also reports the results from a field study that measured the amounts of 03 and NO₂ produced by corona discharge during a thunderstorm. The study found that the ambient concentrations of 03 and NO₂ increased several fold due to corona discharge and returned to original levels after the thunderstorm.     

Monitoring trichloroethene remediation at an iron permeable reactive barrier using stable carbon isotopic analysis

Stable carbon isotopic analysis, in combination with compositional analysis, was used to evaluate the performance of an iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the remediation of ground water contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) at Spill Site 7 (SS7), F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming. Compositional data indicated that although the PRB appeared to be reducing TCE to concentrations below treatment goals within and immediately downgradient of the PRB, concentrations remained higher than expected at wells further downgradient (i.e. >9 m) of the PRB. At two wells downgradient of the PRB, TCE concentrations were comparable to upgradient values, and delta13C values of TCE at these wells were not significantly different than upgradient values. Since the process of sorption/desorption does not significantly fractionate carbon isotope values, this suggests that the TCE observed at these wells is desorbing from local aquifer materials and was present before the PRB was installed. In contrast, three other downgradient wells show significantly more enriched delta13C values compared to the upgradient mean. In addition, delta13C values for the degradation products of TCE, cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride, show fractionation patterns expected for the products of the reductive dechlorination of TCE. Since concentrations of both TCE and degradation products drop to below detection limit in wells within the PRB and directly below it, these downgradient chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations are attributed to desorption from local aquifer material. The carbon isotope values indicate that this dissolved contaminant is subject to local degradation, likely due to in situ microbial activity.     

Modeling the buoyant flow of heated water discharged from surface and submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water with a cross flow

In this study, a three-dimensional model was used to numerically study the buoyant flow, along with its mixing characteristics, of heated water discharged from the surface and submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water with a cross flow. Hydraulic experimental data were used to evaluate the applicability of the model. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results, particularly, the jet trajectories, the dimensions of the recirculating zone, and the distribution of the dimensionless excess temperature. The level of accuracy of the simulation results of the present study is nearly identical to that of the results conducted by McGuirk and Rodi (1978). If the heated water is discharged into shallow water where the momentum flux ratio and the discharge densimetric Froude number are high, the submerged discharge method is better than the surface discharge method in terms of the scale of the recirculating zone and the minimum dilution. In deep water, where the momentum flux ratio and discharge densimetric Froude number are low, however, the submerged discharge method had few advantages. In shallow water, the discharge jet is deflected by the ambient cross flow, while forcing the ambient flow to bend towards the far bank for the full depth. For a submerged discharge in shallow water, the recirculating zone is the largest in the lowest layer but becomes smaller in the upper layer. As the water depth increases, the ambient flow goes over the jet and diminishes the blocking effect, thereby decreasing the bending of the jet.     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅱ.限制有机物(BOD)的排放总量

着重研究了有限制有机物排放总量时，使其运行费用最低的最优周期控制问题。通过增加新的状态变量和用补偿函数法，将本课题的有约束条件问题化为无约束条件问题，并提出了最优长参数的动态搜索法来修改传统的梯度法，从而较完善地解决了多变量最优周期控制的计算问题。     

窄脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫产物收集研究

对窄脉总电晕等离子体烟气脱硫过程中的产物收集进行了研究与探讨，结果表明正脉冲流注电晕放电烟气脱硫过程中产生的电粉尘以及电晕极肥大等问题，对脱硫产物的收集有很大影响。     

新疆叶尔羌河突发性洪水初步研究

叶尔羌河发源于昆仑山和喀喇昆仑山区,是新疆第三大河。近30年,每2—3年发生一次突发性洪水,给下游人民造成很大灾难。 本文阐述了该洪水的特性,时空分布、演进情势及峰量变化,加之分析气象资料、地质地貌条件,首次提出突发性洪水成因于冰川阻塞湖泄洪,其策源地位于克勒青河上游的克亚吉尔特索湖和特拉木坎力湖。随着冰川的衰退,阻塞湖将逐渐缩小。     

混凝、水解酸化、活性污泥工艺处理啤酒生产废水工程实例

以化学混凝沉淀、水解酸化、传统活性污泥法处理啤酒生产污水,COD从2400mg/l降至100mg/l,BOD5从1599mg/l降至30mg/l,达到一级排放标准,采用集散式计算机控制系统,操作简单,管理方便.     

以市场为导向的环境管理

本文介绍了以市场为导向的环境管理措施。探讨环境作为资源进入流通领域后，按污染者付费原则收取一定量的排污费，建立排污指标交易制度，实行源头控制的押金／退费制度等一系列以市场为导向的环境管理制度的可行性和必要性。