等离子体协同改性凹凸棒石催化脱除NOx的研究

采用等离子体协同改性凹凸棒石催化脱除NOx,研究了等离子体反应器输入电压和凹凸棒石煅烧温度对NO和NOx脱除率的影响规律.结果表明,当反应器输入电压30kV时,NO和NOx脱除率随等离子体输入电压增加而增大.凹凸棒石煅烧温度对催化活性也具有显著影响,当煅烧温度600℃时,部分凹凸棒石被烧结熔融, NO和NOx脱除率都不高;当煅烧温度为400~600℃时,凹凸棒石活性较高, NO和NOx脱除率可达最大值.本实验条件下最佳工艺参数为等离子体输入电压>30kV, 凹凸棒石煅烧温度为400~600℃,NOx最大脱除率可达89.6%.     

Application of machine learning technique for optimizing roadside design to decrease barrier crash costs,a quantile regression model approach

Introduction: In-transport vehicles often leave the travel lane and encroach onto natural objects on the roadsides. These types of crashes are called run-off the road crashes (ROR). Such crashes accounts for a significant proportion of fatalities and severe crashes. Roadside barrier installation would be warranted if they could reduce the severity of these types of crashes. However, roadside barriers still account for a significant proportion of severe crashes in Wyoming. The impact of the crash severity would be higher if barriers are poorly designed, which could result in override or underride barrier crashes. Several studies have been conducted to identify optimum values of barrier height. However, limited studies have investigated the monetary benefit associated with adjusting the barrier heights to the optimal values. In addition, few studies have been conducted to model barrier crash cost. This is because the crash cost is a heavily skewed distribution, and well-known distributions such as linear or poison models are incapable of capturing the distribution. A semi-parametric distribution such as asymmetric Laplace distribution can be used to account for this type of sparse distribution. Method: Interaction between different predictors were considered in the analysis. Also, to account for exposure effects across various barriers, barrier lengths and traffic volumes were incorporated in the models. This study is conducted by using a novel machine-learning-based cost-benefit optimization to provide an efficient guideline for decision makers. This method was used for predicting barrier crash costs without barrier enhancement. Subsequently the benefit was obtained by optimizing traffic barrier height and recalculating the benefit and cost. The trained model was used for crash cost prediction on barriers with and without crashes. Results: The results of optimization clearly demonstrated the benefit of optimizing the heights of road barriers around the state. Practical Applications: The findings can be utilized by the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) to determine the heights of which barriers should be optimized first. Other states can follow the procedure described in this paper to upgrade their roadside barriers.     

蒸汽锅炉安全阀排放量的计算与分析

锅炉安全阀排放量的大小,决定了锅炉非正常情况下蒸汽压力的释放能力.结合催化装置余热锅炉的不同工况,对安全阀排放量进行校核计算,提出了相应对策.     

污泥屏障氧化缓冲容量与重金属再溶出关系研究

借助微生物厌氧活动特别是硫酸盐还原反应,污泥屏障可用来固定尾矿堆场重金属.针对尾矿风化淋滤形成的酸性采矿废水(AMD)与污泥之间发生的氧化还原反应导致的重金属溶出问题,通过氧化滴定实验研究了不同污泥悬液的氧化缓冲容量及其与重金属浓度的关系.结果表明,污泥悬液的氧化缓冲容量随着悬液固液比的增大略有减小,但随着悬液厌氧培养时间的延长而增加.污泥的氧化缓冲容量主要来自Eh≤-150mV的强烈还原区间,可达氧化缓冲容量的50%以上.氧化滴定过程中发现,当Eh≥-150mV时,Zn首先明显溶出;当Eh≥150mV时,Cu和Pb明显溶出.基于实验结果,建立了污泥屏障在AMD渗流条件下氧化缓冲容量消耗的数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,当AMD水头高度为10m时,厚度2m的污泥屏障经历AMD溶液38787a的渗透氧化,仍可保持原有的强烈还原状态,具备对重金属的固定效果.     

欧盟WEEE指令及其最新进展

本文以欧盟WEEE指令为中心,研究了该指令及其最新进展,对其与贸易壁垒的关系及对我国的影响和启示进行了探讨。     

论强制公开超标超量排污信息中的企业定位

随着企业环境压力的日益增大和公众环境知情权意识的不断提高,企业环境信息的强制公开成为了有效的管理政策与措施。但是制度构建的同时也要注重实践的可操作性和结果的易得性。现行立法规范缺乏系统性,对违反规定的企业也未能有力地追究其责任,最终导致法律规定形同虚设。结合现有的法律法规,将企业作为超标超量排污信息的提供者,而将强制信息公开的义务主体规定为环境保护部门,可从根本上克服信息瑕疵,督促企业的绿色排污。     

飞机空中客舱创口雷电直击耦合概率计算

计算了飞机客舱后部形成4个110mm×130 mm大小的创口时雷电直击耦合入飞机客舱内的概率.依据卫星观测的全国1995-2005年平均总闪电密度分布数据,计算得出在我国雷电密度最大的湛江地区飞行时,雷电直击耦合到4个创口的概率仅为180万亿分之一.     

中国废水排放氨氮控制标准评述

氨氮可引起地表水体富营养化,中国"十二.五"期间将把氨氮作为水体污染控制的主要污染物之一。水污染物排放标准是控制氨氮污染的有效措施,文章分析了国家和地方现行废水排放氨氮控制标准以及正在制(修)订的国家废水排放标准,发现大多数标准都规定了氨氮排放限值,但有些标准已不能满足当前的环境管理工作需要,主要是发布年代较早的排放标准,这些标准存在按生产规模规定排放限值、标准限值与环境功能区对应、氨氮控制要求过低的现象,提出了完善中国氨氮排放标准的对策。     

浅议排污费征收审计模型的设定及应用

重点论述了排污费征收各个环节的法定程序及设立排污费征收审计模型的方法及应用.     

酸缓冲容量对污泥屏障重金属再溶出控制研究

借助污泥中的厌氧微生物活动,污泥屏障可用来固定尾矿堆场的重金属.针对尾矿风化淋滤形成的酸性采矿废水(acidmine drainage,AMD)与污泥屏障相互作用,可能会引起已固定重金属再次溶出问题,通过酸滴定实验,研究了不同厌氧培养时间的污泥悬液的酸缓冲容量及其对重金属再溶出的影响.结果表明,污泥悬液酸缓冲容量与悬液固液比成正比,并随着厌氧还原程度的加深而增加.碳酸盐缓冲体系和有机质缓冲体系对污泥悬液酸缓冲有重要意义.酸滴定实验发现,随着pH降至6.2以下,重金属Zn、Pb和Cu开始快速溶解释放,且释放量符合ZnCuPb.基于实验结果,建立了污泥屏障在AMD渗透条件下酸缓冲容量消耗的数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,对于厚度2.0 m的污泥屏障,即使在10.0 m水头的AMD渗透酸化条件下,有效酸缓冲容量经历666 a之后才能被耗尽,在此时间内污泥屏障具备对重金属的生物化学固定能力.