介质阻挡气液两相放电灭活大肠杆菌

采用双向窄脉冲介质阻挡气液两相放电技术,对大肠杆菌灭活效果进行了试验.研究了曝气量、初始含菌量、处理时间、电场强度及电导率与大肠杆菌灭活率的关系.结果表明,菌体灭活率随初始含菌量、电场强度、处理时间的增加而增大,但随电导率的增加而减小.较佳的曝气量为0.75m³/h.     

雾化协同低温等离子体去除氨气的实验研究

采用雾化协同低温等离子体方式,对模拟氨气恶臭气体进行降解研究。考察了电极特性、极板间距、放电电压、初始浓度、气体停留时间及雾化增强等参数对系统去除氨气性能的影响。研究结果表明:放电参数和雾化增强过程对氨气的去除率有较大影响。在极板间距40 mm,放电电压15 k V,初始氨气浓度1000×10-9,气体停留时间10 s,负极电晕放电时,低温等离子法对氨气的去除率可达80%以上,雾化增强低温等离子体对氨气的去除率最高可达97%。     

植物对土壤中微量元素的吸收与转移及对生物地球化学异常形成的影响——以广西盐田岭锡石硫化物矿床为例

为探讨生长于矿床上部植物对土壤中的成矿及伴生元素的吸收和转移及对生物地球化学异常形成的影响,以盐田岭锡石硫化物矿床为例,研究了不同土层及生长其上的杉木、杨梅树和芒萁不同器官中元素的含量特征。研究发现:生长于矿床上部植物中的多数成矿及伴生元素的含量高于背景区,形成了生物地球化学异常,其元素组合同土壤异常大致相似但其衬度均小于土壤,土壤中富集的As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Sn、W在植物中未产生异常。元素在植物不同器官中的积累具有地下部分(根部特别是细根)或地上部分顶部(叶及细枝)富集,中部(木质部及皮)贫化的规律。相对于背景区,矿化异常区植物对多数元素的吸收和转移能力都有不同程度的降低,营养性或毒性较小的元素降低相对较小,而毒性较大的或难溶解的元素降低相对较大。植物对土壤中营养性或毒性较小的元素的吸收和转移可能是无障-半无障的,而对毒性较大的元素或难溶解的元素可能是有障的。无障-半无障型元素有可能产生良好的生物地球化学异常,而有障型元素的生物异常可能不明显甚至不产生。毒性较大的元素由根向叶的转移可能是有障的,其叶部异常可能不明显甚至不产生,但有可能产生清晰的根部异常。     

苏中热电厂环保氨法脱硫实例分析

通过对苏中热电厂环保氨法脱硫处理实例的详细分析,介绍了氨法脱硫的调试运行情况,并对运行结果进行了一定的归纳和讨论。     

Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

● High amounts of microplastics are released to receiving media from WWTPs. ● The effect of classical treatment processes on MP removal is important. ● MP load in the effluent of WWTPs is important for developing treatment technology. ● Additional physical treatment could help further reduce MP discharge. Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm are microplastics. They are among the significant pollutants that recently attracted attention. Great quantities of microplastics enter the sewage system daily and reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As a result, WWTPs are potential microplastic sources. Hence, they create a pathway for microplastics to reach aquatic environments with treated wastewater discharge. Studies on microplastic characterization in WWTPs have gained momentum in academia. This study investigates the abundance, size, shape, color, polymer type, and removal efficiencies of microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Denizli/Turkey. The results showed that the dominant microplastic shape in wastewater samples was fibers (41.78%–60.77%) in the 100–500 µm (58.57%–80.07%) size range. Most of the microplastics were transparent-white (32.86%–58.93%). The dominant polymer types were polyethylene (54.05%) and polyethylene vinyl acetate (37.84%) in raw wastewater. Furthermore, the microplastic removal efficiencies of the Denizli Central WWTP as a whole and for individual treatment units were evaluated. Although the microplastic pollution removal efficiency of the Denizli Central WWTP was over 95%, the microplastic concentration discharged daily into the receiving environment was considerably high (1.28 × 10¹⁰ MP/d). Thus, Denizli Central WWTP effluents result in a high volume of emissions in terms of microplastic pollution with a significant daily discharge to the Çürüksu Stream.     

高压电弧放电处理偶氮染料废水

用高压电弧放电产生的低温等离子体对含偶氮染料的废水进行了处理,以甲基橙为例研究了电压幅值、处理时间、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、投加Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋对染料脱色的影响。实验结果表明,甲基橙浓度为50mg／L时其降解率随时间和电压幅值的增加而增加。溶液初始浓度对染料去除效果影响较为明显,同等条件下初始浓度越低降解率越高。酸性条件下有利于低温等离子体处理甲基橙。Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋对低温等离子体降解甲基橙有一定的催化作用。电压8kV处理3min,Fe^2＋为20mg／L时去除率由89．64％增至99．72％。Fe2（SO4）,的最佳投加量为5mg／L（以Fe^3＋计）,而FeCl,的最佳投加量为80mg／L（以Fe^3＋计）。     

Passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB): An effective configuration to enhance hydraulic performance

● A novel PRB configuration based on passive convergent flow effect was proposed. ● A 2D finite-difference hydrodynamic model, PRB-Flow, was developed. ● PC-PRB can significantly enhance the hydraulic capture capacity of PRB. ● The PRB geometric dimensions and materials cost are effectively reduced. ● The dominant influential factor of the PC-PRB capture width is pipe length, L_p. A novel permeable reactive barrier (PRB) configuration, the so-called passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB), is proposed to overcome several shortcomings of traditional PRB configurations, such as high dependency to site hydrogeological characteristics and plume size. The PC-PRB is designed to make the plume converge towards the PRB due to the passive hydraulic decompression-convergent flow effect. The corresponding passive groundwater convergence (PC) system is deployed upstream of the PRB system, which consists of passive wells, water pipes, and a buffer layer. A two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference hydrodynamic code, entitled PRB-Flow, is developed to examine the hydraulic performance parameters (i.e., capture width (W) and residence time (t)) of PC-PRB. It is proved that the horizontal 2D capture width (W_h) and vertical 2D capture depth (W_v) of the PC-PRB remarkably increase compared to that of the continuous reactive barrier (C-PRB). The aforementioned relative growth values in order are greater than 50% and 25% in this case study. Therefore, the PRB geometric dimensions as well as the materials cost required for the same plume treatment lessens. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the dominant factors influencing the hydraulic performance of the PC-PRB are the water pipe length (L_p), PRB length (L_PRB), passive well height (H_w), and PRB height (H_PRB). The discrepancy between the W_h of PC-PRB and that of the C-PRB (i.e., ΔW_h) has a low correlation with PRB parameters and mainly depends on L_p, which could dramatically simplify the PC-PRB design procedure. Generally, the proposed PC-PRB exhibits an effective PRB configuration to enhance hydraulic performance.     

温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中的应用

采用核电站温排水遥感监测影像叠加合并方法提取温升包络线,监测核电站附近海域海表温升数据,确定核电温排水的影响范围,对海面温升面积进行计算,判断核电站温排水是否符合我国相关海洋空间管理标准。以某核电站实例表明,通过遥感监测获得的温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中具有应用价值。     

深圳市政污水排海工程排污混合区范围的确定

应用全场数学模型模拟了深圳排海的市政污水中悬浮物、化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐及大肠菌群5个污染因子在海域大潮和小潮时对海域面积的影响。指出在不同水文条件和23m^3/d排放量下，不同质量浓度的活性磷酸盐和大肠菌群超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准的影响面积在大潮时分别为0.04km^2和7.72km^2，小潮时分别大于0.08km^2和6.16km^2；无机氮由于海水本底值较高，使得这一指标在全海域内超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准；而化学需氧量和总悬浮物质量浓度符合Ⅲ类海水水质标准。通过将现场监测资料用数模计算，提出排海污水混合区面积为1.5km^2。同时还引用部分国外的计算公式，对几种混合区允许范围进行了估算。     

天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征

测定了天津大沽排污河沉积物和底部原状土壤中重金属及As、Fe、TN、TP和有机质的含量,采用相对富集系数、相关分析等方法,研究其重金属污染特征.结果表明,沉积物中重金属污染相当严重,底部原状土壤污染较小.Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb富集最严重,Cr、Ni和As富集水平较低,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb相对富集系数(REF)在沉积物中分别为59.3、25.4、14.5和7.5,在原状土壤中分别为8.44、5.19、6.6和3.3.各沉积物采样点中重金属含量差别较大,变异系数(CV)在74.4%～110.8%之间,津涞公路断面和新城桥2个采样点污染最严重.沉积物的重金属含量与原状土壤的重金属含量之间没有相关性,沉积物中重金属元素之间的相关性也较差;但在底部原状土壤中,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb之间的相关性强,其与OM和TP的相关性也较强,Cr、Ni和As与OM和TP的相关性差,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb具有相似的环境地球化学行为,明显受到人类活动的影响.与天津市主要河流相比,大沽排污河沉积物中重金属污染最为严重.