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881.
铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电隐患的测量与评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘明翔 《中国安全科学学报》2006,16(2):114-119
根据人体静电的基本理论,人体的对地静电电位、电容和电阻是静电放电隐患的3个主要评估参数,也是建立静电危害模型的关键参数。笔者结合实际测量数据,对铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电的隐患进行了分析与评估,并探讨了其危害机理,提出了流动人体模型和人体—老虎车模型,给出了模型参数的数值。基于实测数据和放电模型分析的评估结果表明:在铁路危险品货场中,源于人体静电放电的静电电击和静电引爆两个隐患不容忽视;与基于实测数据的直接评估结果相比,人体—老虎车模型得出的评估结论是静电放电隐患,更值得关注。 相似文献
882.
污染质的运移主要由三种方式组成:弥散、吸咐和衰减转化.弥散主要包括分子扩散和渗透分散.当研究没有渗流或低水流的垃圾场内污染质穿透屏障墙的行为时,可以不考虑分子渗透分散,但必须考虑分子扩散作用.设计了一个有浓度差、无水头差的实验装置,并用量纲分析方法建立了相应的力学数学模型,来分析屏障墙对污染质离子的控制作用,测定了多种离子在粘土介质中运移的扩散系数,验证了Fick第二定律的基本假定,同时还发现了阴离子在土壤中扩散速度普遍比阳离子大的现象,并对此进行了解释,讨论了温度、流程、屏障材料的性质对离子扩散系数的影响. 相似文献
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886.
我国排污收费制度及其价格体系的改革 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
刘小呀 《中国人口.资源与环境》2003,13(1):49-53
目前,我国现行的单因子超标排污收费制度及其价格体系已不能适应现有的体制变化和日益发展的环境管理需要。本文阐述了尽快建立一个与当今市场机制相适应的、适合我国总量控制要求的多因子收费制度的重要性、迫切性与可行性,实现污染者直接承担其污染行为的全部责任;提出了制定动态、有效的收费价格体系的改革原则、构想与方法。 相似文献
887.
Wayne M. Wendland Donna Watson-Stegner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(2):175-182
ABSTRACT: Cores were obtained from several tree species located both on a river floodplain and a nearby terrace. A ratio of annual tree growth on floodplains to terrace growth was developed and shown to be related to the annual river discharge. Growth ratios from the time prior to written records can therefore be used to reconstruct river discharge and infer past unrecorded flood frequency. Oak and basswood ratios yielded the best models for discharge reconstruction, whereas those of elm and birch were less useful. This method permits reconstruction of river discharge from an assemblage of growth cores obtained within a relatively small area. 相似文献
888.
Zekai Sen Abüsselam Altunkaynak 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(5):1189-1196
ABSTRACT: Almost all of the existing solutions of aquifer test analysis assume constant discharge rate boundary conditions. In many actual pumping tests, constant discharge cannot be maintained. This paper presents a general solution for an aquifer test with variable discharge. The exact solution of drawdown distribution around an infinitesimally small diameter well in a uniform, horizontal, extensive, homogeneous, and isotropic confined aquifer is presented when the discharge changes with time during the aquifer test period. A general equation for the type curves resulting from any discharge variability is given, and its application for the exponential changes is presented in detail. A simple straight line procedure is proposed for field applications by considering late time drawdown data. The consideration of constant discharge leads to overestimation of transmissivity but storativity is underestimated. Practical application of the discharge variability is illustrated by a field example. 相似文献
889.
B. Lane Rivenbark C. Rhett Jackson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(3):639-646
ABSTRACT: Regional average evapotranspiration estimates developed by water balance techniques are frequently used to estimate average discharge in ungaged streams. However, the lower stream size range for the validity of these techniques has not been explored. Flow records were collected and evaluated for 16 small streams in the Southern Appalachians to test whether the relationship between average discharge and drainage area in streams draining less than 200 acres was consistent with that of larger basins in the size range (> 10 square miles) typically gaged by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This study was designed to evaluate predictors of average discharge in small ungaged streams for regulatory purposes, since many stream regulations, as well as recommendations for best management practices, are based on measures of stream size, including average discharge. The average discharge/drainage area relationship determined from gages on large streams held true down to the perennial flow initiation point. For the southern Appalachians, basin size corresponding to perennial flow is approximately 19 acres, ranging from 11 to 32 acres. There was a strong linear relationship (R2= 0.85) between average discharge and drainage area for all streams draining between 16 and 200 acres, and the average discharge for these streams was consistent with that predicted by the USGS Unit Area Runoff Map for Georgia. Drainage area was deemed an accurate predictor of average discharge, even in very small streams. Channel morphological features, such as active channel width, cross‐sectional area, and bankfull flow predicted from Manning's equation, were not accurate predictors of average discharge. Monthly baseflow statistics also were poor predictors of average discharge. 相似文献
890.