Characteristics and potential human health hazards of charged aerosols generated by high-voltage power lines

We investigated the characteristics of charged aerosols produced by high-voltage power lines (HVPLs) to explore the effects on respiratory disease incidence among those who handle HVPLs. Charged aerosol currents and charged aerosol concentrations were measured over 24?h at 12 sites. Aerosol current effective levels were 2.7 times higher compared to exposed and control sites. This pattern of relative enhancement at exposed sites was seen consistently in all measurements and the difference was 1.7 higher at exposed sites. Correlation analysis among all important variables revealed strong positive correlations between currents and concentration, currents and magnetic field, humidity and concentration, and humidity and particles of 10?µm or less (PM₁₀), while negative correlations were observed between charged aerosol concentrations and wind velocity and between wind velocity and humidity. Estimated production of charged aerosols from HVPLs found that people who work with HVPLs are highly likely to be exposed to charged aerosols.     

受限空间脉冲细水雾灭火数值模拟

为研究脉冲细水雾灭火效果和灭火机理,采用FDS软件对连续和脉冲细水雾熄灭受限空间油盘火进行了数值模拟。通过模拟和理论分析确定了脉冲细水雾周期为8 s开启、8 s暂停,并设置了冷却和窒息两种灭火条件,对两种细水雾熄灭不同尺寸的柴油池火进行了研究。结果表明:连续细水雾无法熄灭直径15 cm和20 cm的小尺寸油盘火,对直径25 cm中尺寸油盘火的灭火机理为冷却,对直径为30cm和35 cm大尺寸油盘火的灭火机理为窒息;脉冲细水雾能够熄灭不同尺寸的油盘火,且灭火效率高,火焰熄灭均发生在喷头暂停喷水期间,灭火机理为水雾蒸发稀释氧气而窒息。     

高温等离子体炬处理甲苯的研究

采用高温等离子体炬对含甲苯废气进行了处理研究,实验结果表明:甲苯平均去除率随着其初始质量浓度以及气体流量的增加都基本呈现下降趋势。在气体流量为2.2 m~3/h,处理电流在23 A时,甲苯的去除效果最好。这种条件下,初始质量浓度为0~400,400~800,800~1 200,1 200~1 600 mg/m~3甲苯的去除率可以分别达到98.29%,96.52%,94.06%,93.05%。     

生物质废物热解过程中气相产物的生成及等离子体重整研究

针对松木屑的热解以及产物的等离子体重整进行研究。热解温度分别为400,500,600,700,800℃时,在加热30 min的条件下,主要气体产物是H2、CO、CH4和CO2,热解气的总生成量的摩尔分数由46.11%(400℃)增至80.12%(800℃)。介质阻挡放电等离子体重整结果显示,随着放电功率的增加,CH4和CO2的转化率以及H2/CO的摩尔比都呈现增长趋势,控制等离子体重整条件有助于获得高品位能源。     

电晕放电等离子体协同钨酸铋对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的降解研究

采用电晕放电等离子体协同钨酸铋降解水中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯.利用水热法合成γ-Bi2WO6,通过XRD、SEM、TEM和XRF对合成产物进行了结构、形貌及成分分析,结果表明:合成的催化剂是一种高纯度、高结晶度的涡旋状纳米材料.以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为目标污染物,探究了等离子体放电和钨酸铋光催化的协同效果及输出功率、催化剂量、催化剂重复使用次数、羟基自由基清除剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯去除率的影响.结果表明:电晕放电等离子体和钨酸铋光催化有明显的协同作用,在放电功率50 W、初始浓度100 mg·L~(-1)、空气流速2 L·h-1、钨酸铋添加量为0.7 g·L~(-1)、初始p H 6.31、初始电导率4.05μS·cm-1的条件下,反应30 min,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除率可高达到90%.反应过程中,钨酸铋催化剂表现出低吸附性、高沉降性和较好的重复利用效果.加入羟基自由基清除剂可一定程度的抑制邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的降解.     

城镇生活污染排放系数调查与核算——以常州市为例

污染物排放系数的确定是准确核算城镇生活污染物数量的基本前提和重要保证.以太湖流域上游、经济发达的常州市为例,借助问卷访谈与实地监测等手段,调查与核算经济发达地区城镇居民生活污水排放特点,并解析其影响因素及机理.结果表明:受地区差异的影响,常州市城镇居民生活污染排放系数低于国家污染源普查核定系数;家庭规模、收入水平、文化程度和年龄结构是污染物排放系数的关键影响因素.其中,年龄结构对NH+4-N、TP排放系数的影响最大,年龄结构和收入水平是TN排放系数的关键影响因素,文化程度与COD排放系数的关联性最强.但环保意识对污染排放系数的影响不显著,主要作用仅表现在用水量的节约,而对水质的保护并不显著.     

Examining crash injury severity and barrier-hit outcomes from cable barriers and strong-post guardrails on Alabama’s interstate highways

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of several risk factors (i.e., roadway, driver, vehicle, environmental, and barrier-specific characteristics) on the injury severity resulting from barrier-related crashes and also on barrier-hit outcomes (i.e., vehicle containment, vehicle redirection, and barrier penetration). A total of 1,685 barrier-related crashes, which occurred on three major interstate highways (I-65, I-85, and I-20) in the state of Alabama, were collected for a seven-year period (2010–2016), and all relevant information from the police reports was reviewed. Features that were rarely explored before (e.g., median width, barrier length, barrier offset or lateral position, left shoulder width, blockout type, and number of cables) were also collected and examined. Two types of longitudinal barriers were analyzed: high-tension cable barriers installed on medians and strong-post guardrails installed on medians and/or roadsides. Method: Two separate mixed logit (MXL) models were used to analyze crash injury severity in median and roadside barrier-related crashes. Two additional MXL models were separately adopted for median and roadside barrier-related crashes to estimate the probability of three barrier-hit outcomes (vehicle containment, vehicle redirection, and barrier penetration). Results: The results of crash injury severity MXL models showed that, for both median and roadside barrier crashes, barrier penetration, female drivers, and driver fatigue were associated with a higher probability of injury or fatal crashes. The results of barrier-hit MXL models showed that longer barrier length, Brifen cable barrier system, and barrier lateral position were significant predictors of median barrier-hit outcomes, whereas dark lighting condition, driving under the influence (DUI), presence of curved freeway sections, and right shoulder width significantly contributed to roadside barrier-hit outcomes. Conclusions: The MXL model succeeded in identifying several contributing factors of crash severity and barrier-hit outcomes along Alabama’s interstate highways. Practical applications: One study application is to design longer barrier run length (greater than 1230 feet or 0.2 miles) to reduce the barrier penetration likelihood.     

乡镇工业印染行业的排污系数

本文通过广泛的实地调查和监测,研究了我国乡镇工业印染行业生产与污染物排放。提出了棉印染、毛印染、针织印染、化纤、毛巾、袜子等各类印染的排污系数。为全国乡镇工业污染源调查提供一种简便、易操作、准确的统计办法。     

漓江上游纳污最适总量及水质变化规律研究

为确保 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 10年桂林漓江上游进入城区水质能保持国家II类水质标准进行纳污总量控制及其水质变化规律研究。采用系数法对 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 10年陆源排污总量进行科学预测 ,按河流功能区划要求 ,首次利用动态数学模型计算河流在不同流量、不同纳污总量条件下保持II类水质的最适纳污值 ,探讨了漓江水质变化规律。为环境管理打下基础     

介质阻挡放电-催化降解苯的研究

采用双介质阻挡放电管 ,当含苯气体的流量为 1 5L·min- 1 ,放电电压在 60 0 0V—1 2 0 0 0V范围内 ,放电管温度在 2 1 0℃左右 ,研究介质阻挡放电 催化降解苯的协同效应 .结果表明 ,在余辉区中放入催化剂 ,60 0 0V的电压下 ,苯的降解率可达 70 % ,产物中CO/CO2为 0 0 5 ;而在同样电压下 ,不放入催化剂 ,苯的降解率仅为 5 5 %左右 ,CO/CO2 约为 0 5 .由此可见 ,催化剂在余辉区时能与等离子体协同作用 ,促进苯的降解