再论灾害研究的理论与实践

本文在作者１９９１年发表的“研究的现状与实践”一文基础上，全面分析了当前国外灾害理论研究的进展，对灾害理论研究中的２灾因子论，孕灾环境论，承灾体论进行了评述，并系统地阐述了区域灾害系统论的主要内容，即在综合分析组成区域灾害系统的致灾因子，孕灾环境，承灾体的基础上，通过对致灾因子的风险性评估，孕灾环境稳定性的分析，承灾体易损性的评价，揭示区域致灾与成灾过程中灾 情纬傻亩ρЩ?     

黑道凶日研究

本文提出的优势期和优势值是灾害年内出现机会最多的日期和强度，其中优势期就是黑道凶日。统计表明，黑道凶日位于节气日和节气之间的黄金分割日及其附近，在时空分布上具有许多特点。     

家庭危险废物管理探讨

家庭产生的危险废物因产生量少、分布广泛、难以管理等原因,尚未纳入危险废物管理体系。家庭危险废物混同生活垃圾进行管理、处置,对地下水、大气、地表水、土壤产生污染。文章对美国及欧洲的家庭危险废物管理方法进行了系统分析,其管理措施为:在法律管理体系下,以分类收集为主,宣传教育为辅,采取无害化处置方式。我国目前对于家庭危险废物的管理尚处于起步阶段,相关的法律法规不健全,处理处置设施也不完善。文章基于对国外管理特点的分析,针对我国国情对家庭危险废物管理提出以下建议:建立相关的法律法规;进一步完善收集、运输和处置系统;通过教育宣传等方法提高全民对家庭危险废物的认识。     

铁路职工健康教育与健康促进模式研究

健康教育和健康促进是推动“三个健康”管理工作扎实推进的重要措施,结合某铁路局集团公司健康维护过程,从落实健康教育与健康促进责任主体、开展个性化健康教育与促进、实施岗位与家庭健康教育和健康促进无缝对接等方面阐述健康教育和健康促进模式,进而提出实施健康教育与健康促进的体会,即做好全程健康教育与健康促进、提高健康管理依从性、提升管理人员专业素养、把握健康教育与健康促进关键环节,以期为深入开展健康教育与健康促进工作提供借鉴。     

Predicting commercial fishing vessel disasters through a novel application of the theory of man-made disasters

Introduction: Vessel disasters (e.g., sinkings, capsizings) are a leading contributor to fatalities in the U.S. commercial fishing industry. Primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the occurrence of vessel disasters, which can only be done by developing an understanding of their causes and risk factors. If less serious vessel casualties (e.g., loss of propulsion, fire, flooding) are predictors of future disasters, then reducing vessel casualties should in turn reduce vessel disasters and the accompanying loss of life. Method: This case-control study examined the association between vessel casualties and disasters using fishing vessels in Alaska during 2010–2015. Results: The findings show that vessels that experienced casualties within a preceding 10-year period were at increased odds of disaster. Other significant predictors included safety decal status and hull material. Practical Applications: The results of this analysis emphasize the importance of implementing vessel-specific preventive maintenance plans. At an industry level, specific prevention policies should be developed focusing on high-risk fleets to identify and correct a wide range of safety deficits before they have catastrophic and fatal consequences.     

地震对策在天津市减灾中的作用：兼论增产与减损关系

本文通过大量的事实和数据,依据政治经济学原理,阐述了地震灾害在天津市发展和建设中带来的巨大损失;指出:城市发展必须兼颐增产与减损两个方面,以确保投资的有效性。     

灾害防御工程的经济效益评价原理及方法—以水坝震害防御工程为例

本文根据“价值工程”理论和“成本—效益”理论,在作者提出的防灾工程“功能函数”、“成本函数”、“价值函数”、“效益函数”等灾害经济学基本函数及数学模型的基础上,结合地质灾害防御工程实例,探讨了防灾工程经济效益的评价原理及方法。     

灾害保险在灾害防御中的作用：以江苏省自然灾害为例

本文以江苏省的自然灾害为例,阐述了灾害保险在减轻自然灾害损失中的作用,提出在经济发达地区,灾害保险应作为灾害防御对策中的重要方面。     

TEACHING WATER RESOURCES POLICY TO UNWERSITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES1

ABSTRACT: Effectively teaching water resources policy to university science and engineering students is both important and difficult. Most careers in the water resources field require an understanding of the comprehensive governmental regulatory structure affecting water use. Also, few science and engineering curricula encourage their students to take policy courses. Successful approaches to teaching water resources policy might include epistemological comparisons, case studies, issue maps, and interactive simulations. Obstacles to the effective teaching of this subject include students' insufficient preparation and student disdain and cynicism. These obstacles may be mitigated by requiring a prerequisite, developing a glossary of policy-related terms, and introducing the course through lectures emphasizing realistic views of the water resources management field and the nature of the American political system.     

We should not allow dissection of animals

This essay argues against routine dissection exercises on animals under three headings. First, attaining goals of general scientific education does not require dissection. The training of specialists, in whose vocations dissection skills are essential, could then be accomplished without killing animals specifically for the purpose of acquiring those skills. Second, killing and dissecting animals for unnecessary exercises teaches students bad attitudes toward animal life. Third, moral principles cannot justify killing and dissecting animals but not humans; consequently, such treatment of animals is prejudiced exploitation of the weak by the strong.