国际减灾教育进展

减灾教育是防灾减灾的重要途径和组成部分,联合国教科文组织提出"防灾减灾始于学校",利用知识和教育培养抗灾意识。通过对国际重要会议的决议及联合国历次减灾大会进展报告中有关国际减灾教育的主要内容进行梳理,总结了历年来国际减灾意识培训的进展轨迹,分析了减灾意识教育的发展趋势。     

高等院校学生心理健康问题的对策探讨

目前高等院校的大学生普遍存在一些心理健康问题,诸如:人际交往困难,不能正确对待生活挫折,心理适应障碍,自我认识失调等.对此可采取一些对策:(1)发挥课堂的主阵地作用,加强大学生心理健康教育;(2)建设高素质的大学生心理健康教育师资队伍;(3)开展心理咨询服务,创新心理教育方式,建立大学生心理危机干预机制.对于促进大学生健康成长具有重要的现实意义.     

Is there a sustainability canon?

This paper identifies one possible set of appropriate disciplinary content for undergraduate programs in sustainability, based on a survey instrument employed at two international sustainability events in 2005. Undertaken to supplement the focus in the sustainability education literature on generic skills and pedagogical method via case-based or broadly conceptual work, it seeks to assist curriculum developers with planning disciplinary content. Findings indicate that a sustainability canon of sorts exists. A surprising amount of agreement existed from the two different specialist groups about core concepts, notably in ecology and—less unanimously—policy, economics and ethics. Studies about society were preferred as elective content. A 10-subject core was nominated, suggesting the need for broad foundational underpinnings.     

论高等师范院校环境教育的重要性

伴随着世界经济的发展,在创造大量的物质财富的同时,环境污染严重,我们必须要反思人类的不合理活动对环境造成的影响.我国在环境保护的宣传、教育方面都作了很大努力,但是我们的环境状况仍不容乐观.学生是国家的未来,是解决环境问题的主体,因此,高等师范院校的环境教育就显得尤为重要.     

高校要加强大学生礼仪教育

本文列举了大学生在学校多种场合和情景中礼仪素养缺失的种种表现，并多方面分析问题产生的原因，最后简要提出了高校要加强大学生礼仪教育的对策。     

Academic Research Training for a Nonacademic Workplace: a Case Study of Graduate Student Alumni Who Work in Conservation

Abstract: Graduate education in conservation biology has been assailed as ineffective and inadequate to train the professionals needed to solve conservation problems. To identify how graduate education might better fit the needs of the conservation workplace, we surveyed practitioners and academics about the importance of particular skills on the job and the perceived importance of teaching those same skills in graduate school. All survey participants (n = 189) were alumni from the University of California Davis Graduate Group in Ecology and received thesis‐based degrees from 1973 to 2008. Academic and practitioner respondents clearly differed in workplace skills, although there was considerably more agreement in training recommendations. On the basis of participant responses, skill sets particularly at risk of underemphasis in graduate programs are decision making and implementation of policy, whereas research skills may be overemphasized. Practitioners in different job positions, however, require a variety of skill sets, and we suggest that ever‐increasing calls to broaden training to fit this multitude of jobs will lead to a trade‐off in the teaching of other skills. Some skills, such as program management, may be best developed in on‐the‐job training or collaborative projects. We argue that the problem of graduate education in conservation will not be solved by restructuring academia alone. Conservation employers need to communicate their specific needs to educators, universities need to be more flexible with their opportunities, and students need to be better consumers of the skills offered by universities and other institutions.     

海洋灾害系统研究及预测预报

海洋灾害研究是一个庞大的系统工程,其研究领域绝不能局限于海洋,应该从地球整体乃至包括整个地球的宇宙空间去认识海洋灾害的发生、发展机制、各种灾害类型在全球变化中的位置,进而最大限度地达到预测、预报、预防的目的。     

关于我国减灾方针和管理体制的讨论

本文在考察减轻自然灾害历史的基础上,指出我国减灾工作经历的经验性减灾阶段长达几千年,至本世纪60至70年代.才逐步发展到了今天的半经验半理论减灾阶段.今后的发展是向系统工程理论指导下的综合减灾过渡.适应这种发展,需要把二、三十年前形成的“以预防为主,防、抗、救相结合”的减灾方针,适时调整为“以预防为主、防救结合、综合减灾”的新方针.在肯定我国四十多年来逐步形成和发展的纵向分散(部门型)减灾管理体制,主要依靠社会主义制度的优越性和党的领导取得巨大减灾成就的同时,提出必须改革现有减灾管理体制.制定国家综合减灾大法,以适应社会主义经济及社会发展对减灾工作的需求.     

中国温带草地灾害类型及致灾原因与防治对策

目前,我国草地生产力水平极其落后,草地畜牧业发展缓慢,其主要原因是草地灾害的长期存在并日趋严重。本文通过对草地灾害的类型和致灾因素的分析,提出了相应的提高草地生产能力、改善草地生态环境和防止草地灾害发生、发展的对策。