新时期环境宣传教育工作的思考和探索

环境保护是一个复杂的社会系统工程，环境宣传教育具有先导和前驱的重要作用，只有充分认识宣教工作的重要意义，建立良好的宣教体制，加大宣教投入，全面提高宣教队伍素质，积极开展宣传教育研究，进一步唤醒人们环境保护的自觉性和责任心，环境保护的目标才能实现。     

设立国家消防教育日的法学思考

119消防日虽由来已久,但其在实践中的运行效果却并不十分理想,这部分归因于中央层级消防法律规范中相应法律规则的缺失.因此,应在《消防法实施条例》中设立“消防教育日”,并通过将消防教育活动的具体内容纳入该条例调整范畴的方式,明晰政府消防宣传教育的法定职责,并为全体公民参与消防宣传教育活动开拓法定渠道.     

滑坡灾害经济评价初探

本文根据滑坡灾害是自然过程迭加在社会和经济基础上形成的思想，结合滑坡灾害的具体情况，提出了滑坡灾害的经济评价方法，并引入两个具体实例给予了描述。     

Disaster preparedness and regional training on nine Caribbean islands: A longterm evaluation

This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of emergency preparedness and regionalized training on nine Caribbean islands during the period of 1980 to 1985. Preparedness on the islands is measured in numerous ways, including the existence and comprehensiveness of the disaster plan; existence and adequacy of district organizations; existence of an emergency operations centre; frequency of drills; adequacy of communications; and various other indicators. The regionalized training, which was provided out of a small, internationally-funded unit in Antigua, is evaluated in terms of the contribution it made to Caribbean preparedness during the period. Various management difficulties are analyzed and recommendations made for future, similar programs.     

Injury prevention in natural disasters. A theoretical framework

A theoretical framework for conceptualizing injury patterns in natural disasters is described. In this conceptual framework, natural disasters are divided chronologically into predisaster, disaster and postdisaster phases. Within each phase, four factors (human, engineering/technological, physical environmental and socioeconomic) are identified that play an important role in the causation of injury. By combining these phases and factors into a three by four matrix, one may begin to identify points in the natural history or evolution of a disaster that may be amenable to therapeutic or preventive intervention. The application of this proposed three-phase matrix model to a disaster will permit researchers to reduce a large, complex problem into more manageable, conceptually simpler parts. It may also be of value to disaster planners by suggesting preventive and mitigation measures, as well as aiding in the setting of priorities so that scarce resources can be allocated to achieve maximum reduction of injuries.     

城市防洪的一种方法—纳潮

本文介绍一种城市防洪的方法－纳潮。即以合理的调度运行，充分利用圩区的调蓄能力，降低风暴潮引起的高潮位，用以应付超标准风暴潮。通过纳潮效果与纳潮闸位置，调蓄面积，操作方式等因素的关系分析，表明纳潮是一种可行且有效的方法。本文阐述的基本规律，为工程设计、运行操作提供参考依据。     

减灾活动与社会经济协调发展的哲学思考

论述了减灾工作中,应遵循的减灾投入与社会经济状况的统一性原则,发展减灾与发展经济的比例协调性原则;减灾发展的超前性原则;减灾的宏观协调与微观协调辩证统一的原则;减灾活动的协调与不协调辩证统一的原则。     

灾害观测

本文应用系统科学和信息科学讨论了灾害系统的能达性、能控性与能观性。根根系统能观性原理及量测科学的基本原则,讨论了灾害观测系统应注意的一些问题。     

Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Land-Use Managers' Attitudes Toward Environmental Justice

This study examines the outcome of efforts to educate federal land-use managers about their roles in implementing the Executive Order in their respective districts. The managers participated in a 6-h Nominal Group Technique (NGT) workshop where they were instructed to weight environmental justice issues versus others associated with hazardous waste problems in their districts. Participant responses were quantified and analyzed through a series of rounds. After each round, participants received increasing amounts of information on environmental justice issues. It was hypothesized that the managers would come to a consensus that environmental justice is an important issue that should be seriously addressed. Prior to administering the NGT, the managers appeared to have limited knowledge of environmental justice issues and thus assigned relatively low rankings to such concerns. After being “educated” by viewing films on environmental justice and reading related literature, in general, managers' weightings decreased and a narrower consensus developed. The authors conclude that exposure to the issue may not be as effective as expected in convincing land-use managers to become sensitive to justice issues so that they may effectively implement the Executive Order.