Volunteer Environmental Monitoring and the Role of the Universities: The Case of Citizens' Environment Watch

Universities can provide a stable home for launching collaborative community research projects. Citizens' Environment Watch (CEW), an environmental monitoring initiative based at the University of Toronto, has made significant contributions to environmental education and stewardship in Ontario, Canada. Following dramatic cuts in provincial monitoring programs, citizens and youth have used chemical parameters and biological indicators to gauge water and air quality, and to identify areas requiring remediation and pollution prevention efforts. The relationship of Citizens' Environment Watch to government agencies, funders and other grassroots environmental groups has evolved over the past 5 years as CEW attempts to remain effective without taking on the investigative and enforcement roles to support the regulatory enforcement that has been largely abandoned by government. We explore the challenges inherent in developing and maintaining a volunteer organization that carries out rigorous and useful scientific work and we outline the ability of a university to help overcome these critical challenges. Finally, we present lessons learned for the benefit of other citizen and youth monitoring projects.     

Recovery following the Gediz earthquake: a study of four villages of western Turkey

This paper is the result of a social and economic survey of four villages in the Gediz region of South West Anatolia, Turkey, which was undertaken in two phases, October/November 1982 and March/April 1984. The specific aims of this survey were to define what was perceived as recovery in the local social, cultural and economic context and to measure recovery in communities which had suffered different degrees of distress and loss following the earthquake and, consequently, had received different amounts and kinds of assistance from the government. Essentially, therefore, the survey sought to answer the question – how far did the government programme of assistance promote recovery and over what period of time? The implications of such an inquiry concern what constitutes appropriate assistance following earthquake in rural communities. It is hoped that studies of this kind can help to guide decision making of both national governments and international humanitarian organizations on the role of material aid in the process of recovery. This is particularly urgent in view of the fact that preliminary investigations of other small rural and under-developed communities struck by earthquake suggest that material aid may actually preclude recovery in the longer term.     

从环境类学术文献看中国环境教育存在的问题

根据我国环境科学类期刊上刊登的环境教育文献的比重和内容的调查结果来看，我国环境科学界对环境以重视程度与环境教育的重要性不成比例，环境教育研究的落后已成为制约我国环境教育可持续发展的关键问题。     

环境教育应从小抓起

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策，环境的可持续发展己刻不容缓。为了进一步加强人们的环境意识，提高人们的环保知识，转变人们关于地球的观念，保护我们的“绿色家园”在中学进行环境教育是非常必要的。笔者对临河区的中学环境教育情况进行调查，现状不容乐观。本文就临河区中学的环境教育现状”未来发展规划作简要介绍，为促进临河环境教育的发展，保护我们的“绿色河套川”。     

人的个性分析与大学生就业指导

本文通过对人的个性分析，在了解学生个性的同时，有针对性地指导他们的就业工作：指导学生正确地认识自己，帮助学生转变就业观念、进行职业生涯规划等，使学生在毕业时能够找到一份适合自己的工作。     

我国洪涝灾害加剧的主要因素与进一步抗洪减灾应取的对策

我国正面临着洪涝灾害加剧的严峻形势。９０年代以来,已出现了４个洪涝重灾年,每年的直接经济损失都接近或超过千亿元人民币。本文分析了导致我国洪涝灾害加剧的主要原因：首先是随着人口膨胀,大规模砍伐森林,大面积垦殖坡地,导致水土流失面积扩大,大量泥沙注入江河湖库;加之过度围垦湖泊与沿河低洼地,湖面大幅度萎缩;快速发展的城市化也使出现洪涝的可能性加大,损失加重。在总结我国抗洪防灾经验的基础上,讨论了应该进一步采取的措施,并提出了建立以Ｒａｄａｒｓａｔ为主体的多卫星抗洪减灾遥感信息系统的设想。     

对深入进行环境教育的再思考

环境教育是环境管理的重要手段之一，也是全民族素质教育的一个重要组成部分。它关系着我国可持续发展的实施，更关系着中华民族的全面振兴。在新的形势和问题面前，环境教育如何在已有的基础上进一步深入开展下去是一个值得沉思的问题，本就此进行了分析，提出了初步意见。     

亚洲地区环境教育实践的探讨与借鉴

从环境教育的目标和任务，课程，教材，师资培训，公众参与等角度，分析了亚洲各国际环境教育发展的政策，方法，内容等方面的特色和经验，为我国的地区环境教育事业发展提供借鉴。     

中美高等环境类专业设置比较研究

对美国高等环境类专业设置现状进行了初步调查和统计分析，并与我国高等环境类专业设置状况进行比较研究．研究表明，高等环境类专业设置存在一定的差异性，而且显示出美国高等环境类专业设置具有某些明显特点，主要表现在：专业设置种类数量多、面广且多元化；人文社会科学型专业的比例较大；设置了培养环境教育师资人才的专业；环境健康领域在专业设置中得到了高度重视；“综合型”人才培养目标在专业设置中更为突出．这些特点可以为我国高等环境类专业设置的改革和调整以及高等环境教育发展决策提供参考依据．