对高职创业教育的思考

当代科学技术的发展和社会经济结构、就业结构的变化,急切呼唤各类职业技术院校开展创业教育,培养创业型人才.创业教育是培养学生的创业意识、创业个性品质、创业能力,使其具有创业者人格的教育.在实施教育过程中,让学生具有正确的思想动力是前提,提高创业能力是根本、方法得当、措施得力是保证.开展创业教育,有助于素质教育的全面推进.     

谈高校学生非正式群体的教育和引导

随着高等教育改革的推进,高校中非正式群体的作用越来越大,如果忽视了对这一群体的教育和引导,势必会造成教育工作中阵地的缺失。对此本文提出了把加强正式群体建设与重视保护非正式群体的积极作用相结合、把群体需要与满足个人的需要结合起来、把党团建设与社团建设相结合三种教育对策     

日本环境教育的回顾与展望

本文回顾了日本环境教育的产生与发展过程,分析了日本环境教育的现状,介绍了日本环境教育的形式与内容。     

Case study of building of conservation coalitions to conserve ecological interactions

We engaged experts in various fields of study (pollination ecology, chemical ecology, and ethnobotany), invited community participation, and provided environmental education in an effort to conserve an endangered birthwort (Aristolochia delavayi) and a vulnerable pipevine swallowtail (Byasa daemonius). Scientists studied the uptake and sequestration of the secondary metabolites aristolochic acids from A. delavayi leaves by different stages of pipevine swallowtail as a defense mechanism; low fruit set of the myophilous A. delavayi due to pollinator limitation; and the emission of chemical signals that attract parasitic wasps by the prepupae of B. daemonius. The results of these studies were part of an education program delivered by personnel of non‐governmental organizations. The program was devised to deliver information to the public about the health risks of consuming A. delavayi individuals (aristolochic‐acid‐associated cancers) and to establish a bridge between the public and scientific research. Following delivery of the program, the behavior of residents changed considerably. Community residents were involved in management activities, including participation in a program to promote understanding of ecological interactions between A. delavayi and B. daemonius; designing an in situ conservation site; monitoring A. delavayi and B. daemonius individuals; and promoting the natural fruit set of A. delavayi by scattering animal excrement to attract fly pollinators. The integration of scientific information and community participation appears to have resulted in an increase in abundance of threatened A. delavayi and B. daemonius populations. We believe the involvement of local people in conservation is necessary for successful species conservation.     

论环境教育法制建设与环境保护社会治理

加强环境法制教育有利于提升公众的环境保护理念,促进环保社会治理。日本和我国台湾地区在环境教育法律依据、教育内容、教育职责、教育制度等方面的经验可供我们借鉴。在我国大陆开展环境教育法制建设,须强调政府的主导作用,强调党、政府、社会、公民和市场关系的制度化,解决组织主体、参与主体和经费保障等关键问题,符合实际并发挥实际作用。在党内法规方面,要制定与国家立法相衔接的环境保护党内法规和其他规范性文件;在国家立法的建设方面,制定专门了《环境教育法》或者《环境教育条例》,按照十八届四中全会决定要求,把全民普法和守法作为依法治国的长期基础性工作,明确中央和地方政府、企业、学校、社会组织和公民个体的环境宣传教育权利和义务,把环境宣传教育作为基础性工作纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,完善环境信息公开、社会监督、行政监督和司法监督等制度和机制,采取有针对性和可接受的宣教方法与机制,促进环境保护宣传教育制度得以运行。     

Practicing for and performance on drivers license tests in relation to gender differences in crash involvement among novice drivers

PROBLEM: Young male novice drivers are overrepresented in injury motor-vehicle crashes compared to females in the same category. This difference in crash involvement is often assumed to include factors such as overestimation, risk acceptance, and sensation seeking, but it can also be related to acquisition of knowledge, skills, insight, and driving experience. Therefore, this study explored possible gender differences among 18-24-year-olds in Sweden regarding practicing as learners, outcome of the driver's tests, and crash involvement during the first year after licensure. METHOD: Data for 2005 from different sources (e.g., questionnaires, license test, and crash statistics) were examined. It was not possible to follow individual subjects through all stages or in all analyses. Nevertheless, the study design did enable scrutinization and discussion of gender differences between younger inexperienced drivers with respect to education and training, license test results, and initial period of licensure. RESULTS: Males and females assimilated tuition in different ways. Females studied more theory, pursued training in a more structured manner, practiced more elements of driving in several different environments, and participated more extensively in driving school instruction. National statistics showed that females did better on the written test but not on the driving test. Males were involved in 1.9 more injury crashes per 1,000 drivers than females during their first year of licensed driving. The proportional distribution of crash types was the same for both sexes during the first period as novice drivers, but the circumstances surrounding the accidents varied (e.g., males were involved in more night crashes). IMPACT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY: More structured training while learning appears to be one of the reasons why females initially do better than males as novice drivers. Therefore, in the future, driver education should focus not only on matters such as the amount of time spent on training and preconditioning, but also on the importance of the organization and content of the learning process.     

Practical Recommendations to Help Students Bridge the Research–Implementation Gap and Promote Conservation

Seasoned conservation researchers often struggle to bridge the research–implementation gap and promote the translation of their work into meaningful conservation actions. Graduate students face the same problems and must contend with obstacles such as limited opportunities for relevant interdisciplinary training and a lack of institutional support for application of research results. However, students also have a crucial set of opportunities (e.g., access to academic resources outside their degree programs and opportunities to design research projects promoting collaboration with stakeholders) at their disposal to address these problems. On the basis of results of breakout discussions at a symposium on the human dimensions of the ocean, a review of the literature, and our own experiences, we devised recommendations on how graduate students can create resources within their academic institutions, institutionalize resources, and engage with stakeholders to promote real‐world conservation outcomes. Within their academic institutions, graduate students should foster links to practitioners and promote knowledge and skill sharing among students. To institutionalize resources, students should cultivate student leaders and faculty sponsors, systematically document their program activities, and engage in strategic planning to promote the sustainability of their efforts. While conducting research, students should create connections to and engage actively with stakeholders in their relevant study areas and disseminate research results both to stakeholders and the broader public. Our recommendations can serve as a template for graduate students wishing to bridge the research–implementation gap, both during their current studies and in their future careers as conservation researchers and practitioners. Recomendaciones Prácticas para Ayudar a Estudiantes a Vencer la Brecha entre Investigación e Implementación y Promover la Conservación     

The relationship between demographic/educational parameters and perceptions,knowledge and earthquake mitigation in Israel

Perceptions, knowledge and mitigation are factors that might play a role in preventing injury and loss of life during a major earthquake.² Little is known about the relationships between different demographic and educational parameters and these factors. A national representative sample of 495 adults was investigated in order to determine the relationship between demographic and educational parameters in terms of the perceived threat, perceived coping, knowledge and mitigation of earthquakes in Israel. Compared to females, males perceived the threat of earthquakes to be lower (t=3.183, p=0.002), manifested higher levels of perceived coping (t=2.55, p=0.011), and had higher levels of earthquake related knowledge (t=2.047, p=0.041). We conclude that there are gender differences in perceptions and knowledge regarding earthquakes.     

开源与教育

开源教育对于学校和学生均具有明显的获益。我国开源教育发展了数年时间，政府和众多开源企业也一直在摸索一条适合我国开源教育的道路，但整体看来，发展较慢。本文分析了开源在我国的发展情况，结合高等教育，通过与国外发展的对比，指出了开源在我国、在教育领域发展缓慢的主要因素，并就此提出了建议措施。     

Coastwatch UK—a public participation survey

Education and public participation are recognized as important elements of coastal zone management. The current paper describes the Uk’s largest public participation survey concerned with coastal issues. Coastwatch UK involves thousands of volunteers in an annual survey of the coastline. The project has several aims—primarily to provide an insight into the major problems and threats to the coastline and, through the involvement of volunteers, to raise public awareness and aid environmental education at all levels.