钢铁企业事故多发深层次原因的探讨

笔者采用冶金物理化学、炼铁学、炼钢学方法结合系统安全分析方法,现场调查、分析了钢铁企业的生产、安全现状;认为我国炼钢、炼铁企业,从规模、冶炼及连铸过程机理、防护层次等方面看,固有危险性高,且不次于化工行业。钢铁企业本身固有危险性大,生产、设备事故易导致安全事故,防护层次少,生产管理中过于依赖技术骨干的经验,一些企业安全设计存在某些问题,以及管理上的问题,都是钢铁企业事故多发的深层次原因。     

硫酸盐还原菌对不同钢材的腐蚀及缓蚀作用

采用静态失重法测定了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对A3、N80、K0-95三种钢材的腐蚀速度。用不同浓度的1227杀菌剂对上述三种钢材的杀菌效果和缓蚀作用实验结果表明,在相同的介质中,不同材质钢的腐蚀速度差别很大,三种钢材的腐蚀速度由大到小依次为:K0-95,N80,A3。杀菌剂1227对各种材质钢的缓蚀效果也不相同,由大到小依次为:K0-95,N80,A3。SRB不是腐蚀钢的惟一因素,还有其他因素也导致钢材的腐蚀。     

液化气球罐应力腐蚀开裂试验研究

由于炼制进口高硫原油,在炼油球罐检验中发现越来越多的内表面应力腐蚀裂纹。对球罐应力腐蚀开裂的原因和主要影响因素进行分析。从液化石油气球罐的安全性出发,采用线弹性断裂力学方法,针对16MnR和SPV50Q球罐所用钢材,在分析湿硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂形式的基础上,通过改进的WOL预裂纹试样的应力腐蚀开裂试验,对不同球罐所用钢材、不同硫化氢浓度、不同焊接状态条件下的应力腐蚀开裂进行研究,并对设备所采用的材料、所处的介质浓度、材料的热处理状况等进行分析,并提出了防止对策。该方法也适用于液化石油气球罐应力腐蚀开裂,以预测事故的发生。     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

某工程机械厂电焊工作场所职业卫生学调查

为了解工程机械电焊工作场所存在的职业病危害因素及危害程度,采用定点及个体采样方法对某大型工种机械厂电焊车间进行采样分析,结果显示,该工作场所锰及其化合物、电焊烟尘时间加权平均浓度超出了国家职业接触限值,危害了工人身体健康,局部通风措施对控制电焊烟尘尤为重要。     

滑坡治理抗滑桩内力监测方法与数据处理

介绍了钢筋计监测抗滑桩内力的基本原理,给出了根据钢筋计监测结果计算抗滑桩弯矩的方法,且利用单筋矩形截面受弯模型得到的抗滑桩内力曲线与理论曲线吻合较好;通过对两个监测实例进行分析,表明抗滑桩内力监测能很好地反映抗滑桩的工作状态及治理后滑坡的稳定性。     

连续微滤用于钢铁厂废水处理的生产性测试

采用国产连续微滤膜(CFM)系统对多源进水条件下钢铁污水处理厂生物处理出水进行深度处理,通过现场实测其进出水水质和性能参数,分析了该系统对钢铁废水生化二级出水的水质处理效果及其运行状况,结果表明:连续微滤膜(CFM)系统运行稳定,具有较强的耐污能力,对水中COD平均去除率约为19.6%,SS平均去除率约为72.7%,总氮和总磷的去除率随进水水质变化波动较大,通过该系统膜的截留作用可有效去除水中COD、悬浮物、胶体和有机颗粒,能够使水质满足多用途回用和反渗透预处理要求。河流划分为容量型、点源污染型、农业面源型和混合型等四种类型。建议对不同类型河流应采取不同控制对策,点面结合,综合防治。系统每3～5周左右进行化学反洗后,膜通量与跨膜压差等膜性能参数可基本恢复至起始水平。     

长流程钢铁企业发展循环经济的模式

钢铁工业是国家发展循环经济的优先切入点,是打造循环型产业的重点;循环经济又是钢铁工业转变增长方式的优先切入点,是打造资源节约型和环境友好型钢铁企业的重要手段。详细介绍长流程钢铁企业发展循环经济的“四四”模式,以及济钢、莱钢、鞍钢、攀钢、包钢等长流程钢铁企业多年的实践探索和经验,为其他钢铁企业发展循环经济提供借鉴。     

提高昆钢生活饮用水供水水质分析

《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）对供水水质提出更加严格的要求。对新标准主要特点和基本要求、昆钢生活饮用水供应现状及面临的主要问题进行了分析,立足现有工艺条件和设施,探讨了提高昆钢生活饮用水供水水质的方法措施。     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.