合金元素对耐候钢耐蚀性能的影响

主要讨论了大气腐蚀产生的原因和耐侯钢耐蚀机理,并对合金元素对于提高耐候钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响进行了分析。     

钢渣资源化利用技术现况和探讨

介绍了目前我国钢渣预处理工艺和尾渣资源化利用的主要方法,并对钢渣的资源化利用发展进行了探讨。我国钢渣的资源化利用主要受到地域、钢渣性质以及市场3方面因素的限制。建议大力推广钢渣有压热闷等先进钢渣预处理技术,使钢渣处理更加高效、环保。钢渣尾渣用于制备胶凝材料和道路建设是大批量消纳钢渣的可行方法,应争取政府和财政的支持,推动跨行业的合作,促进钢渣的资源化利用。     

Transforming submerged-arc welding slags into magnetic glass-ceramics

Submerged-arc welding slag (SAWS) and rice husk (RH) wastes represent two particularly abundant metallurgical and agricultural wastes. This work focusses on the feasibility of SAWS, together with glass cullet and RHs, to develop lightweight porous glass–ceramics that could be useful for technical purposes. Effects of temperatures and amounts of RHs on the porosity and water absorption of porous glass–ceramics were discussed at various dosages of husks up to 20 wt%. Depending on the sintering temperature, XRD measurements confirmed the presence of more than two crystalline phases: diopside, jacobsite, MgAl₂O₄, Ca_1.82Al_3.64Si_0.36O₈ and pyrope. These samples exhibited magnetic properties which were related to the presence of jacobsite phase. Magnetization curve is a characteristic of soft ferromagnetic materials with magnetization saturating at ~0.82 emu/g. The present results show a promising way to treat submerged-arc welding slags, transforming it into useful porous and functional glass–ceramic products via a simple powder technology and sintering approach.     

Quantification of Chinese steel cycle flow: Historical status and future options

China is the largest steel producer and consumer around the world. Quantifying the Chinese steel flow from cradle to grave can assist this industry to fully understand its historical status and future options on production route transformation, capacity planning, scrap availability, resource and energy consumption. With the help of the systematic methods combined dynamic MFA (material flow analysis) with scenario analysis, the Chinese steel cycle during the first half of the 21st century was quantified and several thought-provoking conclusions were draw. In the past decade, lots of pig iron or molten iron was fed into EAF (electric arc furnace) and the scrap usage of EAF fluctuated slightly. Thus, the real scrap-EAF route share is much lower than the EAF production share. On the other hand, we reconfirmed that the scrap supply in China will rise significantly in the future. Meanwhile, the secondary production route share will grow sharply and exceed primary production share before or after 2050 depending on our options. The scrap recycling rate and construction's lifetime play a vital role in this trend. In the end, an intensive discussion on production capacities’ adjustment and energy and resource consumption was conducted and relative policy suggestions were given. It is worth noting that scrap usage is crucial to future energy saving and emissions reduction of Chinese steel sector and its energy consumption might peak as early as 2015.     

CCUS对中国粗钢生产的碳减排潜力评估

在评估2019年277个涉及粗钢生产的钢铁企业和17.6亿tCO₂排放量的基础上,采用针对钢铁行业的全流程CCUS系统评价模型（ITEAM-CCUS模型）研究了粗钢生产结合碳捕集利用与封存技术（CCUS）的CO₂减排潜力.评估设置了8种情景,初步回答了钢铁行业的粗钢生产通过规模化CCUS的减排规模、成本范围、封存场地、优先企业分布等关键问题.结果显示：粗钢企业开展全流程CCUS项目可以实现大规模的CO₂减排.在早期示范机会情景,企业全流程CO₂强化深部咸水开采（CO₂-EWR）和CO₂提高石油采收率技术（CO₂-EOR）结合项目增加67~467元/t粗钢的单位成本（60%捕集率的平准化成本低于300元/t）可以年累计减排8.7亿t规模CO₂,约占总捕集量的88%;单独EWR项目年累计驱替深部咸水10.5亿t.具有CCUS改造潜力的粗钢企业主要分布于渤海湾盆地、准噶尔盆地、江汉盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地.     

碳纤维复合材料-钢电偶腐蚀研究

目的 研究碳纤维复合材料与船体钢的电偶腐蚀行为.方法 采用T700碳纤维复合材料-10CrNiCu钢电偶对在3.5％NaCl溶液中的浸泡实验、电化学试验及实验后的腐蚀形貌分析,对比测定了电偶对中10CrNiCu钢的腐蚀速度,分析了电偶对的腐蚀行为.结果 碳纤维与10CrNiCu钢的开路电位差高达850 mV以上,当它们连接形成电偶对时,碳纤维对10CrNiCu钢有很强的电偶效应.当碳纤维的面积与钢的面积比为1:1时,可使10CrNiCu钢的腐蚀速度至少增大约1.5倍.结论 碳纤维单独在3.5％NaCl溶液中的电位基本是氧去极化的平衡电位,当碳纤维复合板与钢连接形成腐蚀电池时,显著促进了氧去极化反应,从而显著促进了钢的腐蚀.     

京津冀地区钢铁行业污染物排放清单及对PM2.5影响

以京津冀地区为研究区域,采取自下而上的方法,建立京津冀地区钢铁行业细化至焦化、烧结和球团、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢等工序的多污染物排放清单.清单估算结果显示,2015年京津冀地区钢铁行业SO₂、NO_x、TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、VOC的排放量分别为38.82、27.23、79.19、53.15、38.68、823.38、26.53万t,其中烧结和球团工序是最主要的污染物排放工序（17.0%~72.0%）,其次为炼铁工序（4.6%~42.4%）和轧钢工序（3.5%~35.7%）.采用具有污染物来源示踪功能的双层嵌套气象-空气质量模型系统（WRF-CAMx）耦合模型模拟京津冀地区钢铁行业污染物排放对区域大气PM_2.5浓度的影响.模拟结果显示：钢铁行业在春夏秋冬这4个季节对京津冀地区PM_2.5浓度贡献率分别达到14.0%、15.9%、12.3%、8.7%.各地市中,钢铁行业对唐山市PM_2.5影响最大,年均PM_2.5浓度贡献率高达41.2%,其次为秦皇岛市、石家庄市、邯郸市,年均PM_2.5浓度贡献率分别达到19.3%、15.3%、15.1%.     

稀土元素对38CrMoAl钢离子渗氮工艺的影响

目的缩短38CrMoAl钢离子渗氮工艺周期。方法在离子渗氮过程中,添加稀土金属镧(La)及稀土镧铈合金(La-Ce)。通过显微硬度仪、光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对于离子氮化层的表面硬度、脆性、微观显微组织、稀土元素含量进行检测分析,并和常规离子渗氮工艺进行对比研究。结果在离子渗氮工艺过程中,添加稀土金属镧(La)及镧铈合金(La-Ce)后,氮化层表面硬度提高约130～200 HV,渗氮速度提高了15%～30%,氮化周期显著缩短。稀土催渗离子渗氮层的脆性均为Ⅰ级,比常规离子渗氮更优异。同时,稀土元素的渗入细化了晶粒,使得渗层氮化物组织致密、呈弥散分布,优化了氮化层的相结构组成。结论稀土元素的加入可以有效提高渗氮层的表面硬度和脆性等级,改善了氮化层性能。同时缩短了离子渗氮工艺周期。     

火灾下约束钢柱临界温度的参数分析

利用经实验验证过的ABAQUS有限元模型对轴力和弯矩共同作用下的约束钢柱进行了参数分析。以钢柱的屈曲温度和临界温度作为主要的评价指标,主要考虑了轴力荷载比、弯矩荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、转动约束刚度比、长细比和钢柱端部弯矩比等参数的影响,并且对不同参数之间的耦合性进行了分析。参数分析结果表明,轴向约束刚度的增大将会明显降低约束钢柱的屈曲温度,但是对其临界温度的影响相对较小;端部弯矩比对钢柱的临界温度影响很小;当钢柱的轴力荷载比和弯矩荷载比较小、轴向约束刚度比和长细比较大时,考虑屈曲后性能可以显著提高钢柱的抗火能力。     

四川省钢铁工业节能潜力研究

四川省钢铁工业综合能耗、各工序能耗与全国先进水平均有较大差距。节能潜力巨大。能耗高的原因首先是因为采用钒钛磁铁矿,该矿难选出、品位低、焦比高,且要增加一级提钒工序,能耗较高。其次是装备水平不高,设备大型化率不高;最后就是因为节能技术、技能装备普及率不高。大量资源未能实现回收利用。分析认为,应针对上述问题采取针对性的措施,可达到四川省钢铁工业大量节能的目的。