钢结构耐火设计的当量时间

通过给出了一个比国外同类公式离散性更小的当量时间计算公式,从而把各种实际情况下的钢结构耐火设计统一到标准升温条件之下。     

浅论我国环境法与外商投资的关系

为调整外商中的投资环境保护问题,我佃环境法已经形成了一个包括宪法性规范,专项单行立法,地方性法规及国际公约等多层次的法律框架。我国将外商投资项目分为鼓励允许、限制禁止四类,并规定了外商投资应遵循的若干环境管理措施。但总体上看我国环境法还存在立法和执法缺陷,亟待完善。     

A state of the science review of the potential health hazards associated with asbestos in shielded metal arc welding rods in the United States

Due to its unique chemical properties, chrysotile asbestos was historically incorporated into a wide variety of products, including the outer covering, or “flux” of certain classifications of general arc mild steel welding electrodes. The purpose of this analysis is to review the historical engineering, toxicology, regulatory, and epidemiology information relevant to asbestos in mild steel welding rods in order to assess whether mild steel welders are at increased risk of developing asbestos-related diseases as a result of welding rod use. We divided our analysis into four distinct time periods, based on what we perceived to be seminal events in welding technology or in the evolution of knowledge regarding asbestos and asbestos-related diseases. These time periods are as follows: late 1800s to 1929, 1930–1955, 1956–1970, and 1971–2006. We found that studies that attempted to measure airborne asbestos directly in welding rod fumes found no measurable fibers; this is likely due to the fact that the fibers degrade at high temperatures present in the welding arc. In addition, “worst-case” use simulation studies, specifically intended to generate airborne flux particles, reported that airborne asbestos concentrations were either undetectable or very low. The airborne concentrations generated were always below the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (0.1 f/cc TWA), and the lifetime doses associated with “worst-case” use were found to be far below the plausible thresholds for mesothelioma and lung cancer. The epidemiology of mild steel welders is difficult to interpret due to confounding exposures such as (1) possible exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium in stainless steel welding fumes (lung cancer), (2) smoking (lung cancer), and (3) bystander exposure to amphibole asbestos (lung cancer and mesothelioma). None of the published welder studies controlled for all three factors, yet when any single source of bias was controlled for, the majority of the studies reported no significant risk in either asbestos-related disease. Furthermore, none of the investigators in any of the welder studies suggested that asbestos in welding rods might be a risk factor for lung cancer or mesothelioma, and there is not a single case report in the medical literature that attempts to link welding rod use to an asbestos-related disease. We conclude that the weight of evidence indicates that welders were not historically at risk of developing asbestos-related diseases as a result of welding rod use.     

Shake table study of annular baffles in steel storage tanks as sloshing dependent variable dampers

Aboveground steel storage tanks are widely utilized in industrial areas such as oil refineries, petrochemical complexes, oil depots, and etc. Assurance of these infrastructure facilities in high seismic areas is a very important engineering consideration. High amplitude fluid sloshing is one of the widespread causes of steel oil storage tanks during strong earthquakes addressed as an important failure mode. This phenomenon generates additional forces impacting the wall and roof of the tanks. Annular baffles can be used as slosh damping devises to control liquid sloshing within a tank. The main objective of this paper is experimental study of annular baffle effects as anti-sloshing damping devices to reduce fluid wave sloshing height in steel storage tanks typically used in oil and petrochemical complexes during an earthquake. Shake table tests have been used on a reduced scale model steel storage tank in two cases of with and without annular baffles. Three real earthquake ground motion records are used as input base motion. Based on the experimental test results, dynamic characteristics of studied tank models with different filling levels and different baffle dimensions and arrangements have been obtained and summarized in this paper. Also, sloshing heights and convective mode damping values are determined from the test results and compared with API650 code recommendations and recommended equations by other researchers. Generally, the results of this study indicate significant effects of the annular baffles in reducing the fluid wave sloshing height as sloshing dependent variable dampers.     

国家标准GB 30188-2013《电焊条生产行业防尘防毒技术规程》解读

本文主要介绍了国家标准GB 30188-2013的意义、适用范围和内容,重点强调了电焊条生产行业有害物质及其对人体的健康危害,以及工程防治技术,为我国电焊条生产行业及其相关领域人员使用标准提供帮助。     

电弧焊触电事故原因分析

在总结生产实践中关于电弧焊作业在人身安全方面的经验和教训的基础上,归纳出重点针对工矿企业和野外作业的十种主要的触电事故因素,分别为：电焊机机壳漏电触电、人体触及电源触电、二次侧异常电压触电、特殊作业点触电、电焊机空载电压触电、不规范焊接回路触电、电焊机误接高电压电源触电、特殊焊接对象焊前处理不当触电、个人防范欠缺触电、安全管理措施落实不到位触电,对其逐一地进行了分析探讨。     

自动变光焊接滤光片关键性能指标研究

焊接防护对作业者的职业健康安全及产品质量至关重要,自动焊接防护产品随技术进步开始得到广泛应用,关键器件为自动变光焊接滤光片,衡量其防护性能的关键技术指标为响应时间。本文对自动变光焊接滤光片的防护原理,关键技术指标——响应时间,影响响应时间的因素进行了研究。     

钢框架连续倒塌动力效应研究

为了研究钢框架连续倒塌动力效应,采用瞬时加载法对平面和空间钢框架柱失效后动力效应进行了研究。采用基于等效塑性转角和等效竖向位移的荷载增大系数来衡量结构的动力效应,分析跨数、层数、高宽比、柱失效位置、节点转动刚度及空间作用等参数对结构动力效应的影响,研究成果可为抗连续倒塌设计提供参考。     

高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固钢筋混凝土板的抗爆性能数值分析

为研究高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固混凝土板的抗爆能力,用混凝土HJC动力本构模型,建立了混凝土板、炸药及考虑空气介质影响的流固耦合有限元计算模型。用动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对在爆炸荷载作用下加固前、后混凝土板的破坏形态和抗爆性能进行了数值分析。研究结果表明:混凝土板用高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固后,抗爆炸冲击能力明显提高。当小药量爆炸时,板顶、板底同时加固的效果明显优于板底单一加固;当药量较大时,板顶、板底同时加固的效果与板底单一加固相差不大。     

彩色夹心板在噪声治理中的应用

在噪声治理中,采用彩色夹心板作隔声构件,在武汉总厂涂装分厂制冷站应用成功,用响度指数这个绝对数表示,治理前后噪声总响度降低79.65%,隔声效果非常好,达到了预期的目的.