双室微生物燃料电池重金属毒性传感器的研制

构建了双室微生物燃料电池（double microbial fuel cells,DMFC）型毒性传感器分别对Cr（Ⅵ）、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+进行在线检测研究。通过对反应器进行优化,确定DMFC在外电阻为1 000 Ω时达到最大功率密度;外循环速率为0.933 4 mL·min-1时反应器运行较稳定。在最优条件下,通过监测铜离子来确定检测时间为60 min,清洗时间为10 min。在以上条件下进行重金属检测,结果表明4种重金属的检测范围分别为0.3~10、0.4~10、40~160、15~80 mg·L-1。抑制率可以用来验证反应器的可行性,检测范围内抑制率与重金属浓度呈现一定的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.959 7、0.979 5、0.944 1、0.936 6。并可得到相应的线性方程,这些方程可用于验证DMFC-传感器的稳定性。选取检测范围内的浓度进行验证,结果表明4种重金属的相对误差均小于11%,传感器相对稳定并可长期运行。     

汽油清净性快速检测方法与监管方案研究

车用汽油清净性与汽车尾气污染物排放水平、燃油经济性等密切相关。为提高汽油清净性检测效率、提升相关职能部门的监管能力,提出了一种车载移动式多通道汽油清净性快速模拟检测方法（简称多通道快速模拟检测法）。与我国法规推荐的汽油机进气阀沉积物模拟试验方法（简称快速模拟检测法）相比,多通道快速模拟检测法的单个油样检测总耗时降低77.8%,多个油样检测总耗时降低94.4%,检验用油量减少约80%,成本降低约90%;多通道快速模拟检测法与快速模拟检测法具有较好的相关性（皮尔逊相关系数为0.4~0.8）,可用于汽油清净性的快速检测。最后,提出了汽油清净性的现场监管检测方案。

     

Communication ecology of webbing clothes moth: 4. Identification of male- and female-produced pheromones

Summary. We investigated the hypothesis that aggregation signals produced by male webbing clothes moths (WCM), Tineola bisselliella (Hum.) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), and close-range male attractant signals produced by females have a pheromonal basis, at least in part. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses of bioactive methanolic extracts of male WCM disclosed three candidate pheromone components: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16:Ester), (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (Z9—16:Ester), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (18:Ester). In bioassay experiments in a large Plexiglas™ arena, a blend of synthetic 16:Ester plus Z9—16:Ester was attractive to male and virgin (but not mated) female WCM; the 18:Ester was inactive. GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extracts from female WCM revealed (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienal (E2Z13—18:Ald) and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol (E2Z13—18:OH) as candidate sex pheromone components. In arena bioassay experiments, 1—5 female equivalents of synthetic E2Z13—18:Ald (0.2 ng) and E2Z13—18:OH (0.1 ng) were more attractive to male WCM than were two virgin female WCM. We anticipate that the combination of aggregation and sex pheromones, male-produced sonic aggregation signals, and habitat-derived semiochemicals will be highly effective in attracting male and female WCM to commercial traps. Received 12 January 2001; accepted 8 June 2001.     

Improving pedestrian safety using combined HOG and Haar partial detection in mobile systems

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a novel algorithm on a mobile system that can warn drivers about the possibility of a collision with a pedestrian. The constraints of the algorithm are near-real-time detection speed and a good detection rate.

Method: Histogram of gradients (HOG)-based detection is widely used in pedestrian safety applications; however, it has low detection speed for real-time systems. Hence, it has no direct usage for mobile systems. In order to achieve near-real-time detection speed, partial Haar transform predetections are applied to an image before HOG detection. The partial and HOG detections are merged and a score-based confidence level is defined for the final detection phase. In this way, the outcome is prioritized and different warning levels can be issued to warn the driver before a possible pedestrian collision.

Results: The proposed algorithm provides an increase in detection speed (from 46 to 76 fps) and detection rate (from 80 to 91%) with respect to HOG-based pedestrian detection. It also improves confidence of the results by multidetection merging and score assignment to detections.

Conclusions: Performance improvement of the algorithm is compared with respect to state-of-the-art detectors/algorithms. Based on the detection rate and detection speed performance, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm is suitable to be used for mobile systems to warn drivers about the possibility of collision with a pedestrian.     

露天矿山隐伏盲空区精确探测及爆破优化设计

隐伏盲空区是严重威胁露天矿山正常采矿作业的安全隐患,应予以探明并处置。针对露天矿隐伏盲空区探测难度大、崩落处置爆破设计精度差等问题,以白马铁矿1号溜井盲空区为例,首先基于矿山历史资料,利用钻探手段,初步圈定盲空区异常分布范围;然后运用钻孔激光扫描设备进行三维精确扫描,获得盲空区塌腔三维形态和真实边界,并以实测数据为基础,利用逆向建模方法,构建盲空区三维可视化模型;最后根据盲空区的三维空间特征和分布条件,进行爆破分区及参数优化设计。结果表明:采用钻探圈定结合三维激光精确扫描建模的综合探测方法,可获得露天矿山盲空区的可靠信息,准确掌握盲空区垮塌现状,进而为制定更为精准的爆破设计方案提供重要依据,最终达到消除盲空区的目的。研究结果对保障矿山安全生产具有重要意义,同时可为类似工程提供有益参考。     

Estimating percentiles from composite environmental samples when all observations are nondetectable

Many environmental sampling problems involve some specified regulatory or contractual limit (RL). Often the interest is in estimating the percentile of the underlying contaminant concentration distribution corresponding to RL. The focus of this paper is on obtaining a point estimate and a lower confidence limit for that percentile when all observations are nondetectable, with the ith observation known to be less than some detection limit DLI, where DLi RL. Since composite samples are being considered, it is not unreasonable to assume an underlying normal distribution.     

水污染源特性查定程序

本文对水污染湖源特性查定的程序以及查定中遇到的技术问题和解决办法进行了论述，为污染源查定工作科学化，规范化进行了有益探索。     

ICP-AES法测定茶汤中重金属的方法研究

为有效测定茶汤中有害重金属元素,文章采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法,测定了茶汤中的Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cr,Cd等重金属元素含量。在回收试验中,铜的平均回收率为101%,镉的平均回收率为95.4%,锰的平均回收率为118%,镍的平均回收率为87.4%,铁的平均回收率为118%。实验结果表明:该方法快速简单,有助于推广和应用。     

气相色谱法测定地下水的乙醇和单环芳香烃

探讨了同时测定地下水中乙醇和单环芳香烃的顶空气相色谱方法。水中的乙醇和微量芳香烃经过顶空提取后,应用HP-5毛细管色谱柱,利用分流与不分流进样口进样,同时采用程序升温方式进行GC分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。研究结果表明,乙醇、苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯和间二甲苯、邻二甲苯的线性范围分别为0.38~189.36mg/L、6.0~1500.0μg/L、6.0~1500.0μg/L、6.0~1500.0μg/L、12.0~3000.0μg/L和6.0~1500.0μg/L,最低检出浓度为137.14μg/L、0.62μg/L、0.55μg/L、0.51μg/L、0.51μg/L和0.59μg/L,水样加标回收率为91.91%L~106.35%L,RSD为2.79%L~3.76%L。表明该方法一次性完成地下水中乙醇和单环芳香烃的分离和测定,分析时间仅为15min,操作简便、灵敏。