自动电位滴定仪测定氯化物的探讨

该实验就自动电位滴定仪测定氯化物的检出限、适用的水样pH范围及对其干扰物质的最大容忍浓度作了实验研究,对分析实际水样有一定的参考作用。     

管道泄漏检测技术进展

介绍国内、国际上有关管道泄漏检测的新技术、新设备及其应用情况，对管道泄漏检测技术的系统组成、技术要求及性能指标等方面分别作了阐述，比较了各种方法的优缺点，并指出管道泄漏无损检测的进展方向，以期在全面了解现有技术的基础上，设计出更加符合实际要求的装置，保证人们的生命财产安全和营造更加安全的生存环境。     

紫外有机物分析法在原水在线监测中的应用研究

比较了标准紫外分光光度法和紫外有机物分析法测定紫外吸光度的精密度,确定了紫外有机物分析仪测定的紫外吸光度SAC254值与有机物浓度参数UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC和DOC值之间的定量关系。试验结果表明,紫外有机物分析法具有操作、维护简单,无二次污染,实时响应快,精密度高等优点。原水SAC254值与标准方法测定的UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC以及DOC值之间都具有良好的相关性,可根据原水SAC254值的变化通过转换得到原水有机污染程度的变化趋势,为水厂工艺运行提供指导。     

镧系配合物检测流域水环境阴离子的可视化研究

水环境中阴离子的快速便捷检测对评估流域水环境污染、提出相关流域治理对策具有重要意义.提出一种以镧系金属离子Eu3+作为配位金属离子,采用水热法与2,6-吡啶二羧酸合成镧系配合物,对水环境中9种常见阴离子进行定性和定量分析的方法.结果表明,制备的配合物吡啶二羧酸铕[Eu(DPA)3]在水中具有良好分散性,280 nm激发...     

固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法和快速纸片法测定水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)的比较

采用酶底物法和多管发酵法及快速纸片法,比对分析了分组环境水样中的大肠菌群,采用无菌水和标准菌种ATCC 25922(大肠埃希菌)标准菌种检验3种方法的假阳性率与假阴性率,结果表明,固定底物酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群(耐热大肠菌群)检测结果具有一致性。     

A Hydrologic Data Screening Procedure for Exploring Monotonic Trends and Shifts in Rainfall and Runoff Patterns

A thorough understanding of past and present hydrologic responses to changes in precipitation patterns is crucial for predicting future conditions. The main objectives of this study were to determine temporal changes in rainfall‐runoff relationship and to identify significant trends and abrupt shifts in rainfall and runoff time series. Ninety‐year rainfall and runoff time series datasets from the Gasconade and Meramec watersheds in east‐central Missouri were used to develop data screening procedure to assess changes in the rainfall and runoff temporal patterns. A statistically significant change in mean and variance was detected in 1980 in the rainfall and runoff time series within both watersheds. In addition, both the rainfall and runoff time series indicated the presence of nonstationary attributes such as statistically significant monotonic trends and/or change in mean and variance, which should be taken into consideration when using the time series to predict future scenarios. The annual peak runoff and the annual low flow in the Meramec watershed showed significant temporal changes compared to that in the Gasconade watershed. Water loss in both watersheds was found to be significantly increasing which is potentially due to the increase in groundwater pumping for water supply purposes.     

Capturing LiDAR‐Derived Hydrologic Spatial Parameters to Evaluate Playa Wetlands

The digital elevation model data from traditional stereo photogrammetric methods are inadequate in providing accurate vertical parameters to feed hydrologic models for low‐lying, extremely flat areas. High‐resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data provide the robust capability of capturing small variations in low‐relief playa wetlands. The Rainwater Basin in south‐central Nebraska includes a complex of seasonally shallow playa wetlands that attract millions of migratory waterfowl every spring and fall. This research focuses on the development of a procedure with applicable protocols to produce LiDAR‐derived three‐dimensional wetland maps and to extract the critical surface parameters (i.e., watershed boundaries, flow direction, flow accumulation, and drainage lines) for playa wetlands. The topo‐hydrologic conditions of playa wetlands were evaluated at the watershed level. The results show that in the Rainwater Basin, 70.7% of the historic hydric soil footprints identified in the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database were not functioning as topographically depressional wetlands. This finding was confirmed by a recent five‐year Annual Habit Survey showing that 69.8% of the historic hydric soil footprints did not function during the spring migratory bird seasons between 2004 and 2009. The majority of playa wetlands' topographic conditions have been substantially changed and the SSURGO data cannot fully reflect current topographic reality in the Rainwater Basin.     

磁法应用于填埋场渗漏检测的可行性论证

针对填埋场防渗膜(高密度聚乙烯,缩写为HDPE)膜上介质含水率不同的特点,提出利用磁法检测填埋场渗漏(简称磁法测漏).通过修正高压直流电法渗漏检测模型,定性分析了填埋场防渗膜漏洞附近磁场的分布情况.结果表明:当检测区域背景磁感应强度波动小于0.5 nT时,利用磁法检测填埋场渗漏有效可行;但当检测区域背景磁感应强度波动大于0.5 nT时,磁法测漏须通过比较固定点处供电电源在通、断电情况下的磁感应强度差异来判断,这在大面积范围内的工程上较难实现,仅可用于局部防渗膜的漏洞检测;由于影响磁场分布的因素较多,提高磁法测漏的抗干扰能力仍需进一步研究.      

基于地震波法的底板破坏区域探测技术及应用

针对煤矿煤层底板采空区域不明确的问题,为了确定采空区的精确范围以及内部状态,采用物探的矿井反射地震波探测技术,首先利用地质探测仪对地震波波形进行数据采集,并进行数据分析以及波形的反演计算,最终根据波形的形状和频率确定底板破坏情况;其次将底板破坏区域分为上位层破碎带和下位层破碎带;最后在现场采用底板钻探的方法对地震波探测技术进行了验证。结果表明反射地震波探测技术得到的结果接近于钻探结果,采用反射地震波探测技术可以较精确判断底板采空区破坏范围。     

电化学DNA生物传感器在检测环境有机污染物中的应用

电化学DNA生物传感器是一种以DNA为生物识别元件并通过电化学信号转换器将目标物的存在转变为可检测的电信号的传感装置.因具有灵敏性高、选择性好、制备成本低、操作简单、携带方便、抗干扰性强等优点而被广泛用于环境分析领域.本文简要阐述了电化学DNA生物传感器的检测原理及DNA在电极表面的固定化方法,重点讨论了电化学DNA生物传感器在检测环境有机污染物中的应用,最后对电化学DNA生物传感器的发展方向进行了展望.