On East Asian Sand and Duststorms and Associated Significant Dustfall Observed from January to May 2001

Monitoring of dust pollution at the western shore of Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP) and in the Chongju area of central Korea was carried out from January to May 2001. It was found that in Koreathere were 9 cases of sand and duststorms (DS) and 16 associatedsignificant dustfall (SD) days. Observed maximum concentrations of DS and SD coming from NW China and Mongolia were in the rangeof 300–920 for TSP, 200–690 for PM₁₀ and 100–170 g m^-3 for PM_2.5.Satellite measurements clearly showed the formation and subsequent movement of DS to the Korean Peninsula and onward to the Korea East Sea, Japan and the Gulf of Alaska. According to satellite image analysis of dust clouds there were abundant coarse particles, measuring in size of 11.0 m. Medium-sizedparticles measuring in the range of 3.5–7.0 were also prevalent,while fine particles of less than 2.0 m were less distinctive in reflectivity. Measured values of PM_2.5 were alsorelatively low with SD events.The measured average pH values of dusty precipitation associatedwith DS were 7.24. Alkaline precipitation can play a `temporary'role in the neutralization of acidified soil until the subsequentevent of acidic rain. The new selection criteria of SD days from PM_2.5 at 85 g m^-3, PM₁₀ 190 g m^-3 and TSP 250 g m^-3 are recommended on dust pollution occurring from the invasion of a DS elsewhere.     

金属粉尘浓度检测技术研究

抛光打磨作业场所浮游的可燃性金属粉尘具有爆炸性,实现对其浓度检测具有十分重要的意义。在分析了粉尘浓度2种主要的检测方法即光散射法和电荷感应法检测原理的基础上,设计了相应的粉尘浓度检测电路,并通过粉尘风硐实验对其检测精度做了对比实验。实验结果表明,电荷感应式浓度传感器对金属粉尘的连续检测更加准确有效。     

射线探伤质量评定中圆形缺陷的讨论

通过对现行射线标准中圆形缺陷定义的讨论,找出圆形缺陷定义的不足,并分析其产生的原因从而提出修正的意见。     

数字地震台网脉冲标定自动检测软件

为了保证数字遥测地震台网的地震监测和速报质量,在<地震观测技术规范>规定各遥测台站要每天(甚宽带要每月)定时进行脉冲标定,并每天检查脉冲标定的幅度和周期变化,当发现脉冲标定波形的周期发生明显变化或脉冲幅度变化＞5%时,应及时检查修复.以前天津台网定时进行脉冲标定,但脉冲标定周期和幅度都是通过值班人员人工检测,并记录在值班日志上的方法进行检查的.现在我们编写了<脉冲标定自动检测软件>,软件每天能自动完成检测并将结果通过对话框的方式显示在微机上,使这项手工费时费力的检测工作变成抄表式操作.     

铬酸钡分光光度法检测硫酸盐的检出限分析

检出限的大小主要取决于仪器的灵敏度、稳定操作和操作技能等因素。通过精密度偏性试验、由空白值批内标准偏差估算检出限,得出检出限综合估计值。     

Carrier detection of duchenne muscular dystrophy through analysis of dna from deciduous teeth of a dead affected child

The sister of a child affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was referred for genetic counselling to assess the risk of her being a carrier. Her brother had died 15 years previously at the age of 8. There were no other affected males in the family. There were no methods for DNA investigation at the time of the child's death and the family had never been studied for linkage with polymorphic probes on the chromosomal region Xp21. The only tissue from which an assessment of the risk could be made by DNA linkage analysis was two of the child's deciduous teeth that the parents had kept. DNA was extracted using a protocol described for the recovery of ancient DNA from museum specimens and archaeological finds. Multiplex amplification did not reveal deletions in 19 exons spanning the hot-spot regions for deletions within the dystrophin gene in Xp21. Linkage analysis using three highly polymorphic microsatellites demonstrated that the sister had not received the X chromosome borne by her brother. These results show that DNA extracted from teeth is a reliable source for molecular diagnosis.     

Prenatal diagnosis of DHPR deficiency by direct detection of mutation

Prenatal diagnosis was requested by a family carrying a 3 base-pair insertion in the dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) coding region. A chorionic villus sample was obtained and fetal DNA was isolated directly from this. Diagnosis was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique, with a simple electrophoretic assay for the insertion. The fetus was found to be heterozygous for the insertion. This is the first time that prenatal diagnosis of DHPR deficiency has been performed by direct detection of the mutation.     

Dystrophin gene analysis and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Russia

Of 126 families referred for counselling of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), DNA analysis has been suggested to 119 families with at least one affected child or with an affected close male relative of the woman at risk of being a DMD carrier. A large proportion (about 80 per cent) of the families were represented by sporadic cases (only one affected individual). By means of multiplex polymerase chain reactions with different sets of oligoprimers providing amplification of 10–11 different exons, altogether 49 dystrophin gene deletions were identified (41 per cent). Eighteen deletions clustered in the 5′ ‘hot spot’ region of DMD cDNA and 36 in the distal half of the central rod domain around exons 43–53. An unusually high frequency (18 per cent) of deletions involving exons 17–19 was discovered. Large deletions extending through both ‘hot spot’ regions and thus occupying over 30–40 exons were recorded in five cases (10 per cent). Seventy-six of 94 families were found to be informative by RFLP analysis for intragenic or extragenetic DNA probes. Carrier status was ascertained in 20 and rejected in 32 female relatives in 40 DMD families. Eight DMD-affected fetuses were diagnosed prenatally by direct deletion testing or by RFLP analysis. Feasible interpopulation variations in the dystrophin gene deletion pattern are discussed. The prospects for more effective prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in high-risk DMD families in Russia are briefly outlined.     

DNA-based prenatal carrier detection for group a xeroderma pigmentosum in a chorionic villus sample

DNA-based prenatal carrier detection of group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-A) is reported. Chorionic villus sampling was done at the tenth gestational week in a pregnant woman whose first child suffers from XP-A. Genomic DNAs from the villi, proband, and parents were PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-amplified using three sets of primers, because the PCR and a subsequent enzyme digestion with HphI, AlwNI, or MseI may detect the three most frequent mutations of the XP-A complementing gene (XPAC) in Japanese XP-A patients. The results showed that the proband is a homozygote and that the parents and fetus are heterozygotes for a base substitution at the 3′ acceptor site of intron 3 of XPAC, indicating that the fetus is a healthy carrier of XP-A. This is the first case of prenatal carrier detection of the disorder.     

污水池渗漏检测系统的研究

介绍了一种基于DSP的污水池渗漏检测系统。利用HDPE膜的高阻特性,通过提取污水池中稳恒电流场中各点的电势差,利用电势分布规律找出漏洞位置。文章对系统的软硬件作了详尽的介绍,并给出了系统的定位算法的原理。实际应用证明该系统对污水池渗漏检测是行之有效的。