氯化亚锡还原光度法测定总磷的改进

用氯化亚锡还原光度法测定总磷时, 实验条件要求比较苛刻。克拉玛依市环境科研中心监测站对延长SnCl2、KH2PO4试剂的使用保存期、提高显色的稳定度、降低空白值的方法做了大量试验。试验表明:SnCl2-40%丙三醇溶液、KH2PO4使用液均有很好的稳定性,使用期达到2个月;钼酸铵溶液中,加入酒石酸锑钾钼蓝显色有良好的稳定性。用本方法和标准方法测定水样的结果无显著差异,其准确度与精密度均能达到要求。     

IMPACT OF VARIED DATA RESOLUTION ON HYDRAULIC MODELING AND FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION1

ABSTRACT: Current data collection technologies such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) produce dense digital terrain data that result in more accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) for engineering applications. However, such data are redundant and often cumbersome for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling purposes. Data filtering provides a means of eliminating redundant points and facilitates model preparation. This paper demonstrates the impact of varied data resolution on a case study completed for a 2.3 mi² area with mild slopes (about 001 ft/ft) along Leith Creek near Laurinburg, North Carolina. For the original data set and seven filtered data sets, filtering induced changes in elevation, area, and hydraulic radius were determined for 10 water depths at 23 cross sections. Water surface elevations resulting from HEC‐RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center‐River Analysis System) models for each data set were then compared. A hydraulic model sensitivity analysis was also conducted to compare filtering error to error introduced by variation in flow rates and roughness values. Finally, automated floodplain delineation was performed for each filter level based on the computed hydraulic model results and the filtered LIDAR elevations. Data filtering results indicate that significant time savings are achieved throughout the modeling process and that filtering to four degrees can be performed without compromising cross‐sectional geometry, hydraulic model results, or floodplain delineation results.     

电学方法在双衬层填埋场渗漏检测中的应用

研究了双衬层填埋场电学方法漏洞检测的原理.建立了漏洞检测模型,将漏洞电流和回路总电流看成2个点电流源,推导了检测层中电势分布满足的方程,分析结果显示:检测层越薄,同样的检测电流导致的漏洞附近的电势异常越明显,漏洞就越容易被检测出来;检测层厚度有限时,检测电极所在的垂直位置对漏洞的检测定位几乎不产生影响.实验验证了模型的正确性.     

二噁英的研究进展

二噁英的污染给我们的生产生活带来了巨大的威胁,随着居民生活水平的日益提高,二噁英的控制问题已经越采越受到社会的关注。本文介绍了二噁英的毒性、检测技术和控制手段等方面的研究现状,并以此提出了一些解决的对策。     

某公司污水处理装置硫化氢突发泄漏事故应急检测

描述了应急检测的组织机构及基本作业流程,以某公司污水处理装置H2S突发泄漏事故为例,介绍了应急检测工作的实施过程。     

The interaction of temperature and sucrose concentration on foraging preferences in bumblebees

Several authors have found that flowers that are warmer than their surrounding environment have an advantage in attracting pollinators. Bumblebees will forage preferentially on warmer flowers, even if equal nutritional reward is available in cooler flowers. This raises the question of whether warmth and sucrose concentration are processed independently by bees, or whether sweetness detectors respond to higher sugar concentration as well as higher temperature. We find that bumblebees can use lower temperature as a cue to higher sucrose reward, showing that bees appear to process the two parameters strictly independently. Moreover, we demonstrate that sucrose concentration takes precedence over warmth, so that when there is a difference in sucrose concentration, bees will typically choose the sweeter feeder, even if the less sweet feeder is several degrees warmer.     

高压电力电缆隧道火灾早期预警判据的实验研究

我国城市架空高压电力线路已逐渐下地进入电缆隧道,其中的火灾防控系统是保护整个电力输送安全与稳定的重要一环。搭建了高压电力电缆隧道火灾烟气模拟与测量实验平台,针对电缆受热着火燃烧的典型工况,研究了隧道两端不同开口状态下的顶棚各位置CO浓度、CO2浓度、烟颗粒浓度和温度的变化特征。结果表明,顶棚位置CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度可作为火灾早期预警的优选标志性参数,而CO2浓度和温度较不适合。设定CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度的预警阈值分别为10 ppm和0.05 dB/m,各顶棚位置均可实现报警,各工况下,不同顶棚位置报警时间呈以火源正上方探头为最早报警的V字形分布。此外,电缆隧道两端的开口状态对隧道内CO和烟颗粒运动产生一定影响,进而影响不同预警参数的响应灵敏度,即两端开口时,CO浓度预警模式更早响应,而两端关闭时,烟颗粒浓度预警模式更早响应。研究结果对高压电缆隧道火灾预警系统的设计具有指导作用,也可为未来高压电缆隧道的相关预警标准提供基础。     

采空区隐蔽火源探测及声学法煤温感知新技术探讨*

为精准判定采空区等地下隐蔽火区高温点的位置和范围,综述现有采空区煤自燃温度探测技术,重点总结和分析红外探测法、分布式光纤测温法、指标气体探测法、热电偶测温技术以及同位素测氡法等煤层测温手段的研究进展与技术瓶颈,着重研究声学法测温的技术原理及实现方式;结合分层建模和插值建模的优点,探讨声学测温技术在采空区松散煤体煤温反演探测应用中的可行性。结果表明:受限于煤层赋存及开采方式等煤矿现场的实际情况,准确反演和精确定位采空区等隐蔽火源高温点和位置的探测方法和装备技术有待进一步发展;声学法探测松散煤体自燃温度的基本原理、传播衰减规律、温度场重构模型及其关键特征参量需进一步准确获取;综合考量声学测温技术原理和实现过程,该技术适用于采空区松散煤体自燃火区的环境特征,有望成为采空区隐蔽火源位置精准探测发展前景良好的探测方法。     

中压燃气管道泄漏工况下流量扰动幅度模拟分析*

为检测和定位燃气管道泄漏,基于泄漏定位公式,利用模拟软件Pipeline Studio构建等效中压管道模型,模拟不同工况条件下燃气管道泄漏动态。结果表明:泄漏发生后,一定时域内用户端流量将出现扰动,供气压力越高、供气量越大、泄漏孔径越小、管道长度越长,流量扰动持续时间越长;忽略管长影响,泄漏位置越接近气源,流量扰动幅度越易出现先增大后减小趋势,反之易出现单调递减趋势;泄漏端位置距离用户端越近,流量扰动幅度越大,反之越小。研究结果可为燃气管道泄漏检测和定位提供理论依据。     

城市地铁岩溶隐患多孔电阻率联合成像技术研究*

为有效解决二维电法在探测异常体空间形态上的不足,基于有限差分算法,建立溶洞与跨孔电阻率组合模型,探讨溶洞剖面投影位置及偏移距与电阻率响应变化特征,将跨孔电阻率数据体进行跨孔三维联合反演成像。结果表明:溶洞模型距跨孔探测剖面较近时,实际投影至剖面上位置不同,导致探测效果差异较大;随溶洞模型偏移距增大,溶洞投影中心位置电阻率整体表现为前期缓慢、中期迅速、后期减缓并最终趋于稳定的非线性变化趋势,溶洞模型旁侧效应影响范围约8 m。三维联合反演结果能立体可视化展示溶洞空间发育形态,在城市地铁超前地质灾害精准探测方面具有一定应用价值。