环境污染物导致氧化应激的关键信号通路及其检测方法

环境污染物能够以多种途径进入生物体内,在体内产生含氧自由基等活性氧物质,并通过多种信号通路及酶反应引起氧化应激,造成生物体内的脂质过氧化、蛋白质损伤、DNA表达改变、酶失活等,从而引发心血管疾病、风湿类疾病、感染及癌症等的发生。本文对环境污染物致氧化应激产生的原因、涉及的信号通路及酶反应、造成的危害,以及常见的基于细胞模型的氧化应激检测方法进行了综述,期望为评价环境污染物和检测氧化损伤提供参考。     

填埋场衬层渗漏的电学法检测研究进展

综述了几种常用的填埋场渗漏检测方法,指出电学法已成为填埋场不同运行阶段（施工期和运营期）渗漏检测的主流方法。分析了各阶段电学检测方法的适用条件和优缺点,在防渗膜铺设阶段,常利用双电极法或电极-偶极子法进行施工完整性检测;在填埋场运营期间,根据场地实际情况可以选择电极格栅法、基于物联网的监测预警云平台、阵列式偶极子法或高密度电法进行膜渗漏检测及长期监测。     

海上固定导管架式平台的振动安全检测及治理

介绍了埕岛油田海上固定导管架式平台的振动安全检测方法,重点对振动隐患治理的程序和方法进行了探讨.     

污水中大肠杆菌的酶联免疫检测方法研究

以城市污水处理厂二沉池出水为检测目标,比较了夹心法和直接法2种酶联免疫反应方式,分析包被抗体和酶标抗体浓度、菌液预处理等因素对检测灵敏度的影响,确定了ELISA的最佳工作条件.结果表明,检测大肠杆菌的线性区间为10CFU/mL～6×10⁴CFU/mL,最低检测限达到10CFU/mL.与传统检测方法相比,该技术具有操作简单,节省时间和费用,反应灵敏度高等优点.     

The ecosystem of the bay of Mali Ston natural and anthropogenic influence

Chemical hydrography, nutrients and trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms were studied in the Bay of Mali Ston and their role in terms of pollution discussed. Results show that the entire study area is very strongly affected by the adjacent land. The overall area is well aerated so that no dangerous accumulation of nutrients with oxygen content reduction was recorded.

Results of analyses of trace metals show that the water and sediments of the bay contain high levels of some metals significantly higher than those from the open sea. This may be attributed to the natural sedimentation processes and the Neretva River and submarine spring runoffs carrying constituents of ignous and limestone rocks.     

基于光纤光栅和小波包分析的结构损伤探测

以光纤光栅为传感元件、小波包分析为信号提取工具,获取了智能材料四边简支板损伤前、后的动态应变信号检测方法,并采用耦合神经网络方法对智能材料四边简支板结构进行了损伤识别分析。结果表明,光纤光栅可非常灵敏地检测出智能材料内部的动态应变信号,小波包信号处理方法可获得大量反映结构损伤特征的有效信号;随着损伤孔径的增大,耦合神经网络损伤识别的精度提高,可得到损伤的位置和大小的信息。研究结果在大型工程结构的健康监测中具有重要的潜在应用价值。     

基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测

针对火灾检测中存在的不稳定及误判率高的问题,提出一种基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测算法。首先在图像的HSI颜色空间进行火焰疑似区域的分割,然后采用文中提出的扩展分形特征计算方法计算图像扩展分形特征,利用该特征对目标事物对比度和大小尺寸敏感的特性,对火焰区域进行再次分割,得到最后的火焰区域。实验结果表明,该算法运行效率较高、误报率较低,适用于多种场合的火灾检测。     

Quantifying Eradication Success: the Removal of Feral Pigs from Santa Cruz Island, California

Abstract:  A major challenge facing pest-eradication efforts is determining when eradication has been achieved. When the pest can no longer be detected, managers have to decide whether the pest has actually been eliminated and hence to decide when to terminate the eradication program. For most eradication programs, this decision entails considerable risk and is the largest single issue facing managers of such programs. We addressed this issue for an eradication program of feral pigs ( Sus scrofa ) from Santa Cruz Island, California. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimated the degree of confidence in the success of the eradication program at the point when monitoring failed to detect any more pigs. Catch-effort modeling of the hunting effort required to dispatch pigs during the eradication program was used to determine the relationship between detection probability and searching effort for different hunting methods. We then used these relationships to estimate the amount of monitoring effort required to declare eradication successful with criteria that either set a threshold for the probability that pigs remained undetected (type I error) or minimized the net expected costs of the eradication program (cost of type I and II errors). For aerial and ground-based monitoring techniques, the amount of search effort required to declare eradication successful on the basis of either criterion was highly dependent on the prior belief in the success of the program unless monitoring intensities exceeded 30 km of searching effort per square kilometer of search area for aerial monitoring and, equivalently, 38 km for ground monitoring. Calculation of these criteria to gauge the success of eradication should form an essential component of any eradication program as it allows for a transparent assessment of the risks inherent in the decision to terminate the program.     

污水生物处理建模水质数据误差来源分析与影响评价

为进一步提高国内基础建模数据质量,降低建模实践中的数据清洗难度,本研究以北京龙庆再生水厂生物建模过程中的实际数据问题为例,基于数理统计理论及国内污水水质特征分别构建误差来源分析方法与误差影响评价方法.通过设计补充采样与实验排查方案,成功识别数据误差来源并实现不同类型误差对数据准确性的影响量化评价.研究结果表明,污水处理厂日常的取样与化验过程中产生的随机误差不可忽视,特别是当大量随机误差存在时,对数据总体造成的波动影响无法通过数据量的积累而消除;而不同的采样位置与不当的样品保存方式则会引起水质发生变化,由此产生的系统误差将导致测量结果长期偏高/偏低.因此,在依赖人工测量数据进行建模的国内实践中,应首先对历史数据进行误差检验,再进行必要的建模补充采样,以避免补充数据质量受相同误差影响,减少非必要的人力、物力浪费.     

土工膜渗漏检测系统的开发

通过比较国外多种填埋场渗漏检测方法,成功地研制了基于高压直流电法的渗漏检测系统.该系统利用CAN总线技术,解决了由于填埋场检测面积大所带来的采集数据量大、传输距离远的问题;利用低频脉冲供电方式,将正负半周采集的数据相减,大大减小了低频地电噪声的影响;通过建立合理的地电模型,解决了非均匀介质条件下的电势分布问题,进而提高了系统的检测精度.通过实践检验,表明该系统在检测电极间距为4 m时,误差超过0.4 m的概率低于10%.