Roadside Measurements of Deforestation in the Amazon Area of Bolivia

This study describes the deforestation impact from three settlements, 5 de Junio, El Tigre, and 30 de Agosto, near the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. First deforestation rates along the road that connects the settlements and then deforestation within each settlement are examined. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery from 1987, 1997, and 2000 were used to measure the deforestation. Face-to-face interviews were also used to collect detailed social and land-use information. Road-building and farming have been the major causes of deforestation in this region. The TM measurements indicate a high increase in the deforestation rate along the road in the area of study. The results also show a rapidly escalating deforestation rate in 5 de Junio, a potential high future deforestation rate in El Tigre, and a gradual deforestation increase in 30 de Agosto. The information provided by the settlers about clearing was compared with the imagery analysis. Generally, the settlers estimates were lower than the deforestation as derived from the imagery.     

An integrated off-on line approach for increasing stability and effectiveness of automated controlled systems based on pump dependability—case study: Offshore industry

Automated controlled systems are vulnerable to faults. Faults can be amplified by the closed loop control systems and they can develop into malfunction of the loop. A control loop failure will easily cause production stop or malfunction at a petrochemical plant. A way to achieve a stable and effective automated system is to enhance equipment dependability. This paper presents a standard methodology for the analysis and improvement of pump performance to enhance total operational effectiveness and stability in offshore industry based on dependability. Furthermore, it is shown how a reliability–safety analysis can be conducted through equipment dependability indicators to facilitate the mitigation of hazard frequency in a plant. The main idea is to employ principle component analysis (PCA) and importance analysis (IA) to provide insight on the pumps performance. The pumps of offshore industries are considered according to OREDA classification. The approach identifies the critical pump and their fault through which the major hazards could initiate in the process. At first PCA is used for assessing the performance of the pumps and ranking them. IA is then performed for the worst pump which could have most impact on the overall system effectiveness to classify their components based on the component criticality measures (CCM). The analysis of the classified components can ferret out the leading causes and common-cause events to pave a way toward improving pump performance through design optimization and online fault detection which ultimately enhance overall operational effectiveness.     

图像识别技术及其在机械零件无损检测中的应用

无损检测法是一种常用的故障诊断技术,故障诊断从本质上来讲就是模式识别问题,而模式识别又可以狭义地理解为图像识别。从介绍图像、图像识别、图像识别过程和图像识别系统的基本概念着手,就几种常用图像识别方法的原理和特点进行比较,给出了CCD图像获取系统的组成。最后,结合发动机曲轴的一种自动磁粉探伤系统实例,对系统的图像处理和识别流程进行详细的讨论,并针对一般无损检测系统难以满足曲轴的检测要求和精度要求的状况,提出经过改进的一种适用于曲轴的整体无损检测系统。该系统有助于高效和完整地获取整个曲轴的图像,提高图像信息的质量,从而提高发动机曲轴表面缺陷检测的准确性和可靠性。     

泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)检测数据准确性评估方法研究

泄漏检测与修复技术(LDAR)是控制石化企业设备与管线泄漏的最佳可行技术,检测数据准确度对于企业核算VOCs排放量及环境保护主管部门进行VOCs排污费征收和排污许可证管理至关重要.针对中国石化企业工艺装置特点和LDAR检测数据特征,设计了一套LDAR检测数据准确性评估方法,并运用该方法对24套石化装置的LDAR检测数据准确性进行抽测评估.结果表明该方法可以直观反映企业LDAR检测数据准确度,客观体现不同企业、不同装置在LDAR检测管理水平上的差异.     

电力通信机房监控系统对室内空气净化程度检测研究

为解决当前电力通信机房室内空气监控系统抗干扰能力弱,室内空气净化检测精度低等问题.设计了基于ARM的电力通信机房室内空气监控系统,以提高室内空气净化检测精度.选用DHT11温度传感器,引入专用数字单元采集技术和温度传感技术,实现空气温度监控.安设 HS1101传感器,监控空气湿度.采用OLED液晶显示作为系统的可视化窗口,完成电力通信机房监控系统设计.实验结果表明,该系统能耗低,抗干扰能力强,为准确检测室内空气净化程度起到重要作用.     

拟除虫菊酯农药残留检测技术研究进展

对近几年应用于拟除虫菊酯农药残留检测的气相色谱法、液相色谱法、毛细管电泳、薄层色谱、超临界流体色谱和光谱技术等实验室检测技术．免疫分析法及活体生物测定法等现场快速检测技术的国内外研究进展进行了综述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望．     

直读光谱仪碳元素检出限不确定度分析

依据JJG1059-1999对直读光谱仪碳元素检出限的不确定度进行了评估,分析了影响测量不确定度的各个因素,计算得出直读光谱仪碳元素检出限的扩展不确定度为:U=0.11%,k=2。     

基于RBF网络的火灾探测信号处理算法研究

本文通过建立火灾探测信号处理的RBF网络模型,并与通常的BP网络模型和期望结果进行对比,结果表明:在进行火灾探测信号处理中,RBF网络可避免BP网络的局部极小以及收敛速度慢等缺点,在精度、训练速度等方面均优于BP网络。该研究为处理火灾探测信号等非结构问题提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

海洋环境下混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀的检测

混凝土内钢筋的锈蚀是影响混凝土结构耐久性的重要因素。论述了海洋环境下钢筋常见的锈蚀类型和锈蚀机理,介绍了包括混凝土破型检测、电化学检测、物理检测等常用的钢筋锈蚀检测方法以及铁离子含量检测法、分析法等处于探讨和完善阶段的检测方法,并对各方法的优劣进行了论述。