Efficient and equitable design of marine protected areas in Fiji through inclusion of stakeholder‐specific objectives in conservation planning

The efficacy of protected areas varies, partly because socioeconomic factors are not sufficiently considered in planning and management. Although integrating socioeconomic factors into systematic conservation planning is increasingly advocated, research is needed to progress from recognition of these factors to incorporating them effectively in spatial prioritization of protected areas. We evaluated 2 key aspects of incorporating socioeconomic factors into spatial prioritization: treatment of socioeconomic factors as costs or objectives and treatment of stakeholders as a single group or multiple groups. Using as a case study the design of a system of no‐take marine protected areas (MPAs) in Kubulau, Fiji, we assessed how these aspects affected the configuration of no‐take MPAs in terms of trade‐offs between biodiversity objectives, fisheries objectives, and equity in catch losses among fisher stakeholder groups. The achievement of fisheries objectives and equity tended to trade‐off concavely with increasing biodiversity objectives, indicating that it is possible to achieve low to mid‐range biodiversity objectives with relatively small losses to fisheries and equity. Importantly, the extent of trade‐offs depended on the method used to incorporate socioeconomic data and was least severe when objectives were set for each fisher stakeholder group explicitly. We found that using different methods to incorporate socioeconomic factors that require similar data and expertise can result in plans with very different impacts on local stakeholders.     

从业人员安全能力评估系统的设计与实验

从业人员的安全能力与岗位要求相匹配对预控事故非常重要,而目前缺乏较为全面评估个体安全能力的方法,为此,结合实验测量法和量表自测法,构建出从业人员安全能力各指标要素的测试方法并完成实验;统计分析各安全能力指标的实验数据,拟合出各要素的数学函数,并建立数据库;设计开发出从业人员安全能力的评估系统,结合样本人员,完成该实验系统的展示。研究成果可用于区别不同安全能力的员工,为不同职业岗位甄选提供了支持。     

应对闽南4市地震损失的金融手段

随着我国经济和社会的快速发展,人口和财富的密度越来越高,地震造成的损失也越来越严重。应用金融手段可以使地震风险与资本市场充分融合,缓解其给个人和社会造成的冲击。依据闽南地区4个重要城市的震害预测成果,讨论了如何应用地震保险和巨灾债券等金融手段减轻泉州海外未来大地震可能造成的损失。     

某大型复杂结构地震响应与控制研究

针对某大型复杂结构的地震响应及控制策略进行了研究.首先,建立该结构的整体有限元模型,采用Ritz向量法对结构进行模态分析,研究该复杂结构的振动特性,基于位能加权平均法求解了该复杂结构等效阻尼比;随后,研究了不同布置型式下粘滞消能支撑的受力特点和计算模型;最后,对该结构进行减振设计,分析了不同消能支撑布置形式下的减振效果...     

Study of high-tech process furnace using inherently safer design strategies (I) temperature distribution model and process effect

High-tech industries, such as those producing semiconductor and TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display), have recently become the most important economic activities in Taiwan. Each of these industries has a complete chain of supply from raw material production, production pre-processing, product manufacturing, to waste handling. Any company in the chain is a critical component, since any accidents of fire, explosion, gas leakage, or power outage would cut off the supply chain, causing inability of continuous operation. In industries of semiconductor and TFT-LCD, great amounts of special gases and chemicals with many machinery equipments are used in the production processes. In cases of accidents or improper installation, this chain of supply, from raw material production, preproduction, product manufacturing, to waste handling materials and equipments may cause severe damages or incidents.This study used the existing model of the horizontal furnace to develop a simulation program. The simulation results were consistent with the existing model, and produced even slightly better results on temperature distribution and temperature sensitivity. The simulation model applied on a vertical furnace could provide data on furnace temperature control for industrial use. Meanwhile, this study also deduced actual temperature control and an ISD strategy, which are consistent with design strategy principles.The validation results on the proposed temperature distribution model suggested that the model can be applied in temperature distribution and sensitivity analysis to obtain adjustment and control models for various heating zones. In the case of a single tool, when processing reduction is 60 pieces, switching off the two heating zones can reduce 44% of power output, for a capacity utilization rate of 93.7% for the entire plant. The application of the proposed temperature control model can reduce power consumption by 121.4 kWh. In addition, with the same number of tools, facilities layouts in two cases have an area difference of 41.4775 m², thus shortening the evacuation time for operators. The experimental results proved that the proposed model has realized the ISD principles of intensification, attenuation, and limitation of effects.     

Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Copper Based Heat Sink Application

With the trend towards increasing the speed of processors in smaller sized of computers, there has been considerable interest in heat sink technologies with higher levels of performance and further miniaturization. This work addresses the fundamental heat transfer augmentation question of how to design a copper-based heat sink, when the overall dimensions of the bottom plate or fan are specified. A three-dimensional finite-volume model has been developed and applied to investigate flow and conjugate heat transfer in the copper-based heat sink. The model was produced with the commercial program FLUENT, which allows this nonlinear, highly turbulent problem to be simulated using the k-ε turbulence model. The theoretical model developed is validated by comparing the model predictions with available experimental data. The thermal performance and temperature distribution for the heat sink were analyzed and a procedure for optimizing the geometrical design parameters based on less space occupation and more efficient heat transfer coefficient is presented. Several design examples with different types of cooling methods and manufacturing processes have been analyzed. The reliability and effectiveness in heat spreading of those has been compared. It has been shown that the copper-based heat sink with louvered fins (case No.3) has an optimum design configuration.     

Evaluating efforts to build sustainable WEEE reverse logistics network design: comparison of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches

Many developing countries such as Turkey are still making an effort on building an infrastructure for waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) reverse logistic network design (RLND) processes. It is obvious that policies/laws/regulations related to WEEE management provide a sustainable framework for implementation in the RLND. The question is here: Does the implementation of WEEE directives make sense in terms of reducing the total cost of the network in the long term? This study aims to compare regulatory and non-regulatory situations of WEEE RLND in developing countries by formulating two models named as ‘regulatory’ and ‘non-regulatory’. Model 1 is considered as sustainable with economic, environmental and social goals, and the quotas imposed by the environmental directive are taken into consideration as the data of product return amount. In Model 2, only economic goal is considered, and product return amount is forecasted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A case study is conducted in a recycling company in order to evaluate performance of the proposed models. This study contributes to the relevant literature by (1) comparing the regulatory and non-regulatory situations RL models explicitly and (2) proposing ANN model to forecast EEE product return or WEEE quantity for non-regulatory situation.     

浙北及邻近地区应力场数值模拟与地震危险区预测

根据构造地质学、地震地质学的考察和观测结果 ,结合构造单元、地震活动分区和研究区位置确定计算模型的范围 ,选定一个构造骨架 ,确定计算模型的边界形状和几何参数。然后参考地震震源机制解结果和新构造运动特征 ,选定模型边界条件 ;参考岩石力学实验结果 ,确定模型的物理参数。最后利用线弹性二维有限元程序计算了各节点位移、各单元应力应变及应变能增量。通过分析应力应变场和应变能增量划分出 2个地震危险区。     

江苏省数字地震台网在考核运行期间的地震编目

江苏省数字地震台网从 1999年 6月至 9月记录到的自动触发和人工截取的 4 13条事件中 ,编报出 94个地震事件 ,其中 ,可用于数字网和模拟网进行地震三要素对比的地震事件有 35个。最终产出一份完整的地震目录和台网观测报告。进而从地震编目角度对数字地震台网资料和模拟台网资料确定地震三要素的可衔接性进行了尽可能的对比论证。     

地震动差动作用下大跨度空间网壳结构的反应分析

选取100 m跨度的双层柱面网壳结构为研究对象,采用时程分析法,分别进行了结构在单向和三向地震行波输入作用下的反应分析,并针对多种视波速情况进行了研究,考查了地震动不同输入情况下结构杆件内力的分布特点,对其进行了对比分析,为大跨网壳结构的抗震设计提供了理论依据。研究表明,考虑行波效应会使结构部分构件内力有一定程度的提高,多维地震作用比单维地震作用下结构的杆件内力大。由此得出结论:对于大跨度空间网壳结构,应该进行多维非一致输入下的地震反应分析;为保证抗震安全,应对可能出现的地面视波速进行全面分析。