Integrity of Tailings Infrastructure and Information Management: A GIS-Based Conceptual Model

Managing the integrity of tailings infrastructure is an important aspect of handling mine tailings. Unfortunately, little research is directed towards its efficient modeling. This paper presents salient aspects of tailings management. It proposes an integrated geographic information systems (GIS)-based conceptual model for efficient handling of these aspects. The paper also discusses the various integrated modules and comments on the systematic implementation of the model to achieve desired results. The modules include: structural integrity management (SIM), release impact assessment (RIA), and hazardous risk assessment and control (HRAC).     

完善环境影响评价公众参与的初步研究

环境影响评价制度是我国的一项基本环境保护法律制度,是环境管理体系的重要组成部分,完善公众参与体系有利于解决当前环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题。在总结国内外公众参与发展进程的基础上,对完善公众参与体系进行了初步研究,提出了完善公众参与体系的内涵要点,提高公众参与体系研究力度,建立公众参与学相关内容。     

地表水水质自动监测数据技术评估

对地表水水质自动监测站取水口直接采样和模拟水样,用自动监测和实验室方法监测相应的指标,对两者的监测结果进行比较,研究和分析两者之间差异的原因,评估自动监测数据,提出建议。     

Mind the gap in SEA: An institutional perspective on why assessment of synergies amongst climate change mitigation, adaptation and other policy areas are missing

This article takes its point of departure in two approaches to integrating climate change into Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): Mitigation and adaptation, and in the fact that these, as well as the synergies between them and other policy areas, are needed as part of an integrated assessment and policy response. First, the article makes a review of how positive and negative synergies between a) climate change mitigation and adaptation and b) climate change and other environmental concerns are integrated into Danish SEA practice. Then, the article discusses the implications of not addressing synergies. Finally, the article explores institutional explanations as to why synergies are not addressed in SEA practice. A document analysis of 149 Danish SEA reports shows that only one report comprises the assessment of synergies between mitigation and adaptation, whilst 9,4% of the reports assess the synergies between climate change and other environmental concerns. The consequences of separation are both the risk of trade-offs and missed opportunities for enhancing positive synergies. In order to propose explanations for the lacking integration, the institutional background is analysed and discussed, mainly based on Scott's theory of institutions. The institutional analysis highlights a regulatory element, since the assessment of climate change synergies is underpinned by legislation, but not by guidance. This means that great focus is on normative elements such as the local interpretation of legislation and of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The analysis also focuses on how the fragmentation of the organisation in which climate change and SEA are embedded has bearings on both normative and cultural-cognitive elements. This makes the assessment of synergies challenging. The evidence gathered and presented in the article points to a need for developing the SEA process and methodology in Denmark with the aim to include climate change in the assessments in a more systematic and integrated manner.     

Assessing health impacts in complex eco-epidemiological settings in the humid tropics: Modular baseline health surveys

The quantitative assessment of health impacts has been identified as a crucial feature for realising the full potential of health impact assessment (HIA). In settings where demographic and health data are notoriously scarce, but there is a broad range of ascertainable ecological, environmental, epidemiological and socioeconomic information, a diverse toolkit of data collection strategies becomes relevant for the mainly small-area impacts of interest. We present a modular, cross-sectional baseline health survey study design, which has been developed for HIA of industrial development projects in the humid tropics. The modular nature of our toolkit allows our methodology to be readily adapted to the prevailing eco-epidemiological characteristics of a given project setting. Central to our design is a broad set of key performance indicators, covering a multiplicity of health outcomes and determinants at different levels and scales. We present experience and key findings from our modular baseline health survey methodology employed in 14 selected sentinel sites within an iron ore mining project in the Republic of Guinea. We argue that our methodology is a generic example of rapid evidence assembly in difficult-to-reach localities, where improvement of the predictive validity of the assessment and establishment of a benchmark for longitudinal monitoring of project impacts and mitigation efforts is needed.     

区域环境风险评估研究进展

简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。     

刘家峡水库藻类群落特征与水质的关系

2009年—2010年,研究了刘家峡水库的藻类群落特征。共鉴定出8门11纲 16目33科55 属114种藻。丰水期优势类群是金藻门（占27%）,次优势类群是硅藻门（21.5%）;枯水期优势类群是硅藻门,占总数34%（羽纹纲占33%）,次优势类群是金藻门（18%）。对刘家峡水库水质初步评价结果显示：水库上游水质较清洁（1#—2#站点）,中下游为轻度—偏中度污染（3#—4#站点）,下游为中度—偏重度污染（5#—6#站点）。对藻类群落特征与6项水环境因子的Pearsong相关性分析表明,枯水期影响藻类群落特征的环境因子依次是DO﹥TN﹥pH值﹥T﹥Mcb(粪大肠杆菌);丰水期则是DO﹥Mcb﹥pH值﹥TN。     

淀山湖沉积物的污染特征及其风险评价

对上海淀山湖代表性表层沉积物中的重金属、磷、PAHs及OCPs等典型污染物质进行了分析和风险评价。其中总磷含量范围为1 072~1 229 mg/kg,以无机磷为主,生物可利用磷含量较高,对水体富营养化具有潜在的威胁。重金属Cu、Cr、Zn、Pb的平均含量分别为25.5、34.1、244.5、32.2 mg/kg,污染程度大小依次为ZnPbCuCr,潜在生态风险程度依次为PbCuZnCr。∑PAHs、∑OCPs含量范围分别为617.1~843.2 ng/g以及22.03~28.94 ng/g,风险结果表明PAHs和大部分OCPs均未超出ERL值,生态风险水平低。     

河流水生态环境质量评价方法研究与应用进展

河流生态质量的监测和评价是从河流生态系统健康状况的角度对河流质量进行的评价。河流生态健康的评价已经向多要素多指标综合、多种评价方法(预测模型法、生物完整性指数、多要素综合评价)、流域尺度方向发展。该文重点介绍了国外评价体系产生的背景和研究基础,分析了广泛应用的几类评价方法的特点、在不同国家和流域的应用情况以及各方法的应用前景,分析了国内开展河流生态质量评价研究的发展过程、阶段性研究进展和应用案例,并根据目前研究基础评述了我国评价体系现存问题及应用前景,为河流生态质量评价体系的建立及发展方向提供建议和参考。     

俚岛湾海域砷的分布特征及污染评价

以威海俚岛湾养殖区为研究对象,调查研究了俚岛湾海域表层海水和沉积物中总砷的分布特征,并综合评价了砷的污染状况及潜在生态风险。俚岛湾海域表层海水总砷浓度为1.78~2.78μg/L,平均浓度为2.20μg/L,比大洋水略高,俚岛湾海域海水水质较好,未受到砷污染;海水中砷的季节变化为夏季较高、秋冬季基本稳定、春季最低。俚岛湾海域表层沉积物中砷的平面分布呈现出由近岸向远岸降低的趋势,砷含量的年际变化甚微,基本保持稳定的水平;采用潜在生态风险指数法和重金属质量基准法对沉积物进行评价。评价结果表明,该海域表层沉积物中砷污染水平较低,属于低潜在生态风险。