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141.
In spite of extensive research and development for more than 100 years to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of combustible materials. Lack of methods for predicting real dust cloud structures and flame propagation processes has been a major obstacle to prediction of course and consequences of dust explosions in practice. However, work at developing comprehensive numerical simulation models for solving these problems is now on its way. This requires detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the physics and chemistry of dust cloud generation and combustion. The present paper discusses how this kind of work will promote the development of means for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in practice. However, progress in other areas will also be discussed, e.g. ignition prevention. The importance of using inherently safe process design, building on knowledge in powder science and technology, and of systematic education/training of personnel, is also emphasized. 相似文献
142.
气体爆燃火焰在狭缝中的淬熄 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
通过叙述可燃气体爆燃火焰在平行板狭缝中传播时产生淬熄的实验和理论研究结果,给出了甲烷,丙烷,乙炔,氢气等四种可燃气体与空气的预混气作为实验介质所进行的爆火焰淬熄实验中,火焰传播速度与淬熄直径、淬熄长度之间的关系。对于气体爆燃火争的淬熄理论模型进行了探讨,得到了有应用价值的结论。 相似文献
143.
144.
王磊 《中国安全科学学报》2021,(3):54-59
为进一步开发煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸事故的隔抑爆技术装备,利用截面为0.2 m×0.2 m的方形管道、纹影仪和高速摄像机,开展无障碍物时和球形障碍物存在情况下的瓦斯爆燃传播试验.研究发现,无障碍物时,密闭管道内爆燃火焰的结构和传播速度受反射压力波的影响很大,湍流火焰、化学反应作用能力与反射压力波的相互作用是造成火焰传播速度变化... 相似文献
145.
针对某企业焦炉烟气,新建一套脱硫脱硝除尘装置,焦炉烟气经过处理后,烟气中颗粒物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物以排放浓度满足《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB16171-2012)大气污染物排放限值的要求。即:SO2排放浓度小于50mg/Nm^3,NOx排放浓度小于500mg/Nm^3,同时要求处理后烟气中颗粒物排放浓度小于30mg/Nm^3,氨含量排放浓度小于8ppm。 相似文献
146.
To further understand the dynamic mechanism of dust explosion through a vent duct, we designed a small-scale cylindrical vessel connected with a vent duct and performed a dust explosion venting experiment under different opening pressures using corn starch as the explosive medium in this study. The results show that weakening effect of duct on venting is positively correlated with the opening pressure. The explosion pressure in the duct presents a three-peak-structure with time, successively caused by the membrane breaking shock wave, the secondary explosion in the tube, and the continuous combustion, and decreases gradually with the propagation distance. Meanwhile, the three pressure peaks are positively correlated with the opening pressure, while the time interval between them goes to contrary. The increase of opening pressure leads to the increase of secondary explosion intensity and reverse flow in the vessel, further accelerates the reaction rate in the vessel, and then shortens the duration of combustion in the vessel until the phenomenon of flame reignition in the vessel disappears. 相似文献
147.
Kim KY Ko HJ Kim HT Kim YS Roh YM Lee CM Kim CN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):255-266
This on-site survey study was performed to determine the concentrations and emissions of aerial contaminants in the different
types of swine houses in Korea and then to present beneficial information available for Korean pig producers to manage optimal
air quality in swine house. The swine houses investigated in this research were selected based on three criteria; manure removal
system, ventilation mode and growth stage of swine. Mean concentrations of aerial pollutants in swine houses were 8 ppm for
ammonia, 300 ppb for hydrogen sulfide, 2 mg m−3 for total dust, 0.6 mg m−3 for respirable dust, 4 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne bacteria and 3 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne fungi, respectively. Mean emissions based on pig (liveweight; 75 kg) and area (m2) were 250 and 340 mg h−1 for ammonia, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for hydrogen sulfide, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for total dust, 10 and 15 mg h−1 for respirable dust, 1.0 and 1.3 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne bacteria and 0.7 and 1.0 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne fungi, respectively. In general concentrations and emissions of gases were relatively higher in the swine
houses managed with deep-pit manure system with slats and mechanical ventilation mode than the different swine housing types
whereas those of particulates and bioaerosol were highest in the naturally ventilated swine houses with deep-litter bed system. 相似文献
148.
室内尘埃中铅的赋存形态与儿童血铅的相关性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
有关室内尘埃中铅的赋存形态与儿童血铅的相关性研究尚未见报道。在对某地儿童血铅进行调查期间,发现当地儿童血铅浓度与室内尘埃中铅的水溶态、离子交换态、腐殖酸结合态、铁锰氧化态、强有机结合态和残渣态呈正相关,但不显著,无统计学意义。但与总铅浓度呈显著正相关(R=0.447,P=0.032),与铅的碳酸盐结合态呈高显著相关(R=0.537,P=0.008)。在此基础上,将儿童血铅分别与尘埃中铅暴露量、摄入量和潜在剂量进行相关分析,结果表明,儿童血铅与室内尘总铅摄入量和总铅潜在剂量正相关但无统计意义,与尘总铅暴露量显著相关(R=0.431,P=0.040),与碳酸盐态的暴露量(R=0.537,P=0.008)、摄入量(R=0.538,P=0.008)和潜在剂量(R=0.540,P=0.008)高度显著相关。提示在土壤和尘埃中铅的碳酸盐态含量较高的地区,碳酸盐态铅可能是造成儿童血铅超标的主要原因。 相似文献
149.
To evaluate the quantities of 137Cs from past nuclear tests being transported to and deposited in Japan by naturally-occurring phenomena, the authors developed long-range transport models for 137Cs considering Asian dust. The simulation using these models backed the observed recent increase of 137Cs deposition along the coast of the Sea of Japan in early spring. For the sake of public safety, it is vital to ascertain whether an increase of radioactive deposition is caused by natural phenomena or a nuclear accident. The observations in recent years have suggested that dust and soil containing 137Cs is transported from the regions around Inner Mongolia to Japan by the wind. In this paper, using observation data from the early spring of 2002 and 2006, the authors have found good agreement between the simulations and the measurements. The simulations reproduced the entrainment of 137Cs and subsequent transport to Japan caused by strong winds associated with low pressure areas around the Inner Mongolian grasslands. The most likely cause of high-level 137Cs deposition over northern Japan during March 2002 was 137Cs associated with particles transported at low-altitude (1 km) and subjected to precipitation on the 22nd to 24th. 相似文献
150.
Sammut ML Rose J Masion A Fiani E Depoux M Ziebel A Hazemann JL Proux O Borschneck D Noack Y 《Chemosphere》2008,70(11):1945-1951
There is a growing concern regarding the environmental and public health risks associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). The basic oxygen furnace is one of the most important atmospheric dust sources of the steel manufacturing process. It emits dust enriched in heavy metal such as Zn, which is assumed to contribute to the toxic potential of atmospheric PM. Dust collected before and after the filtration system was analyzed to determine Zn speciation. To this end, a variety of analytical tools were used and a sequential extraction protocol has been specifically developed for iron and steel dust. The Zn speciation results obtained by EXAFS and sequential extraction were in excellent agreement. Before filtration, the speciation of Zn in BOF was 43% ZnFe2O4, 23% ZnCO3 and 16% ZnO. The same species were detected after filtration with different proportions. BOF dust after filtration contains more soluble Zn phases which may play a role in the toxic effects of the emissions. 相似文献