一种封闭式选煤车间的设计

近年来,随着国家对煤炭行业控制环境污染的条件越来越严格,为了更有效的治理煤场环境污染,改善煤场周边地区环境质量,根据国内已建成的大型封闭厂房的设计经验,提出一种封闭式煤炭风选车间,车间采用轻型门式钢架结构设计,常规经济柱距6m,抗风柱柱距7．5m,室内净高10m。工程长度90m,跨度35m,屋盖系统采用钢桁架结构体系,单层压型彩色钢板封闭。封闭车间同时配套通风除尘系统,有效降低煤尘量。     

2008年阿左旗沙尘天气分析

本文通过对阿左旗2008年3－5月的空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度进行监测,分析该地区空气中颗粒物含量与沙尘天气状况。结果表明：根据空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的沙尘天气分级标准,2008年3－5月大气中TSP平均浓度值分别为：0．556mg／m3,0．459mg／m3,0．395mg／m3,由3－5月总体呈现下降的趋势。阿左旗大气中TSP浓度符合国家环境空气质量二级标准。3－5月期间共发生9次沙尘天气,其中浮尘天气7次、扬沙天气2次。沙尘天气的频率以3月最高,4月其次,5月最低。     

Historical changes in the environment of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Historical records from the past 2000 years indicate that the vegetative cover of the Loess Plateau has declined significantly with time. The decline in vegetative cover seems closely related to increased rates of soil erosion as well as the increased frequency of natural disasters such as floods, droughts and dust storms. The condition of the environment and its relationship with development is a serious problem as the Chinese government searches for ways to improve the living standard of people in the region. The purpose of this study is to outline historical changes in the vegetation and environmental conditions of the Loess Plateau. Although we believe that current population pressure of the Loess Plateau is becoming unsustainable, our objective is not to be overly pessimistic in regards to the future development of the region. Instead, our purpose is to increase the awareness of environmental conditions in the region and to encourage the implementation of policies that will promote sustainable development of the Loess Plateau.     

Dynamics of dust explosions suppression by means of extinguishing powder in various industrial conditions

In industrial conditions, there are different kinds of installations endangered by an explosion of dust–gas mixtures. In order to prevent them from any consequences of potential explosions, active protection systems which use extinguishing powders, as the suppressing material, are more and more widely applied. It often happens that the industrial installations are additionally endangered by an action of mechanical vibrations. In the above-mentioned conditions, the extinguishing powder tends to aggregate, making the process of dispersing it in the protected areas more difficult.

The results of research into optimization of the shape, number of igniters and miniaturization of the explosive charge mass are presented. In case of occurrence of the mechanical vibrations in the installations that cause aggregation of the suppressing powder, the best solution was modification of the perforated combustion chamber located inside the extinguisher. As a result of that, a certain amount of gases generated in the course of combustion of the main charge is directed over the membrane, where the gases crash a layer of aggregated powder. Thus, the process of pushing the powder out from a container towards the dispersing head improves considerably and consequently increases the efficiency of the explosion-suppressing process.     

喷水金属丝网除尘效率与阻力关系的实验研究

仅依靠金属丝网的过滤作用除尘，其效率非常低，若与喷水结合，效率将大大提高。设计高效喷水金属丝网过滤装置的关键是确定其除尘效率。影响喷水金属丝网除尘效率的因素非常复杂，故直接由这些参数设计计算喷水金属丝网除尘效率是非常困难的，有时甚至是不可能的。阻力测试计算简单，采用量纲分析、实验研究、回归分析相结合的方法，给出了喷水金属丝网除尘效率与阻力关系式，根据阻力关系式间接计算出效率，并可简化设计程序，促进该技术的推广应用。     

涂装作业场所超细干粉灭火设备设计

涂装作业场所使用的油漆和溶剂一般是易燃易挥发的液体,因而此类场所的火灾爆炸危险很大.一旦发生事故,将会造成巨大的财产和人员损失.本文针对此类场所火灾爆炸事故的特点,分析对比了各种消防系统对此类场所火灾爆炸事故的控制能力,提出了超细干粉灭火系统相对于其他消防系统对于控制此类场所火灾爆炸危险的优点,同时也对探测器的选型进行了讨论,并结合实例进行了超细干粉灭火设备在涂装作业场所的应用设计.     

“挡风抑尘墙”技术研究及其应用

内蒙古天晧水泥有限公司将＂挡风抑尘墙＂技术成功应用在石灰石预均化堆场和煤场,对消减石灰石预均化堆场和煤场风力,抑制石灰石预均化堆场和煤场扬尘起到了很好的作用,解决了大型堆场扬尘治理的一个技术难题。现就＂挡风抑尘墙＂的工作机理、结构特点及其抑尘效果等进行分析介绍,以促进该技术的推广和应用。     

Effect of shock strength on dust entrainment behind a moving shock wave

Secondary dust explosion is a serious industrial issue because it occurs under conditions corresponding to an increased quantity and concentration of dispersed, combustible dust when compared with the primary explosion. The problems of lifting and dispersion of a dust layer behind a propagating shock wave must therefore be understood to ensure safety regarding secondary dust explosion hazards. Using a new shock-tube facility for studying shock propagation over dust layers, limestone dust was subjected to Mach numbers ranging from 1.10 to 1.60. A shadowgraph technique was applied by using a high-speed camera (15,000 fps) for visualization of the dust-layer height change behind the moving shock wave. Also, the effect of dust-layer thickness on the entrainment process was observed by performing tests with two different layer depths, namely 3.2- and 12.7-mm thicknesses. New correlations were developed between the shock strength and the dust entrainment height as a function of time for each layer depth. In general, the results herein are in agreement with trends found in previous work, where there is a linear relationship between dust growth rate and shock Mach number at early times after shock passage. Also, new data were collected for image analyses over longer periods, where the longer observation time and higher camera framing rates led to the discovery of trends not previously observed by earlier studies, namely a clear transition time between the early, linear growth regime and a much-slower average growth regime. This second regime is however accompanied by surface instabilities that can lead to a much larger variation in the edge of the dust layer than seen in the early growth regime. In addition, for the linear growth regime, there was no significant difference in the dust-layer height growth between the two layer thicknesses; however, the larger thickness led to higher growth rates and much larger surface instabilities at later times.     

Validation of a new formula for predicting the lower flammability limit of hybrid mixtures

A correlation of the lower flammability limit for hybrid mixtures was recently proposed by us. The experimental conditions including ignition energy and turbulence which play a primary role in a gas or dust explosion were at fixed values. The sensitivity of such experimental conditions to the accuracy of the proposed formula was not thoroughly discussed in the previous work. Therefore, this work studied the effect of varying the ignition energy and turbulence intensity to the formula proposed in our previous paper. For ignition energy effect, results from methane/niacin mixture demonstrated that the MEC and LFL will not be affected by changing ignition energy. There is no distinguishable difference among gas explosion index (K_G) and dust explosion index (K_St) derived from tests with every ignition energy (2.5 kJ, 5 kJ and 10 kJ) in a 36 L vessel. The proposed formula is independent of ignition energy. For turbulence effect, the proposed formula can have a good prediction of the explosion and non-explosion zone if the ignition delay time is within a certain range. The formula prediction is good as the ignition delay time increases up to 100 ms in this work. Propane/niacin and propane/cornstarch mixtures are also tested to validate the proposed formula. It has been confirmed that the proposed formula predicts the explosion and non-explosion zone boundary of such mixtures.     

Explosion behaviour of metallic nano powders

This paper describes experiences and results of experiments with several metallic dusts within the nanometer range. The nano dusts (aluminium, iron, zinc, titanium and copper) were tested in a modified experimental setup for the test apparatus 20 L-sphere (also known as 20-L Siwek Chamber), that enables the test samples to be kept under inert atmospheric conditions nearly until ignition. This setup was already introduced in earlier papers by the authors. It was designed to allow the determination of safety characteristics of nano powders under most critical circumstances (e.g. minimisation of the influence of oxidation before the test itself). Furthermore the influence of passivation on explosion behaviour is investigated and additional tests with deposited dust were carried out to describe the burning behaviour of all dusts. For a better characterisation all samples were tested with a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). To minimise the influence of oxidation all samples were handled at inert conditions until shortly before ignition or start of the test respectively.