磷肥厂烘干磨高压静电除尘技术及应用

本文根据高压静电除尘的原理,磷肥厂烘干磨粉尘的特性分析,以及作者本人的工作实践,探讨了高压静电除尘技术在磷肥厂烘干磨粉尘治理中应用的可行性。     

小型炭素焙烧炉沥青烟气净化技术初探

阐述了颗粒层吸附技术在小型炭素焙烧沥青烟气净化中的应用。     

Numerical Simulation of Synoptic Condition on a Severe Sand Dust Storm

By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm.     

Differences and similarities of gas and dust explosions: A critical evaluation of the European ‘ATEX’ directives in relation to dusts

Explosive gas mixtures and explosive dust clouds, once existing, exhibit similar ignition and combustion features. However, there are two basic differences between dusts and gases which are of substantially greater significance in design of safety standards than these similarities. Firstly, the physics of generation and up-keeping of dust clouds and premixed gas/vapour clouds are substantially different. This means that in most situations where accidental explosive gas clouds may be produced quite readily, generation of explosive dust clouds would be highly unlikely. Secondly, contrary to premixed gas flame propagation, the propagation of flames in dust/air mixtures is not limited only to the flammable dust concentration range of dynamic clouds. The state of stagnant layers/deposits offers an additional discrete possibility of flame propagation.

The two European Directives 94/9/EC (1994) and 1999/92/EC (1999) primarily address gases/vapours, whereas the particular properties of dusts are not addressed adequately. Some recent IEC and European dust standards resulting from this deficiency are discussed, and the need for revising the two directives accordingly is emphasized.     

"地球表层"再讨论

对"地球表层概念"的界定与发展和基于新概念的地球表层系统(结构)等进行了综合讨论和阐述;定义了地球表层概念的内涵,提出:地球表层是指地表和近地表各圈层相互作用和渗透的地球部分,是地球上部多态(固、液、气、生物和有机态)物质相互渗透、交融并不断进行物能交换、转化和作用而结合形成的具有内部协同性和一定系统结构的有机整体,是地球生物的生存环境和地表生态系统发生、发展和演化的基础;进一步确立了地球表层的空间位置和范围(外延),即包括地球表面上下的岩石圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈和物理(能量)场及其相关作用在内的地球空间,其下界是软流圈(以软流圈为过渡层),上界为大气圈最外层,至少应包括磁层在内;岩石圈以下的地幔和地核与大气圈以外的宇宙空间均为地球表层的环境.     

上保护层开采瓦斯综合治理的试验研究

借助于一般的保护层开采理论,对上保护层开采合理参数和保护范围进行了综合分析研究,结合潘东公司具体情况设计了试验方案,现场试验结果表明了该方案的合理性,同时也表明上保护层开采对下临近突出煤层的突出危险消除效果明显,上保护层开采带来的经济和社会效益十分显著。试验结果对类似开采条件的矿井防治煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯综合治理具有一定指导意义。     

成都市污染边界层高度的演变特征分析

基于2014年1月21日至2月5日成都市人民南路四段逐时PM_(2.5)质量浓度、大气能见度资料以及同期Mie散射激光雷达探测数据,遵循消光系数与细颗粒物质量浓度之间的关系,探讨污染边界层高度的演变特征。结果表明:污染时段内的污染边界层高度偏低,平均为221m;污染边界层高度与地面PM_(2.5)浓度的变化具有明显相关性,但污染边界层高度改变在前,地面PM_(2.5)浓度响应在后;污染边界层高度的日变化表现为单峰单谷型,峰值和谷值分别出现在08:00时和14:00时前后。     

北京夏季灰霾天臭氧近地层垂直分布与边界层结构分析

后奥运时期首都北京的空气质量被更加关注,尤其是对于灰霾天与光化学复合污染的状况,而近地层数百米高度内的大气污染物与大气物理参数垂直分布观测对于空气质量变化过程评估至关重要.因此,本研究于2009年8月1-16日,在北京市325 m气象塔进行了相应的立体观测,观测平台垂直分布在距离地面高度8、47、120和280 m四层中.同时,在近地面320 m高度以内,分15层分别观测了大气温度、湿度、风速、风向.另外,使用气溶胶后向散射云高仪观测了边界层2.5 km内气溶胶后向散射系数.利用垂直分层的O3数据与边界层物理观测数据并结合天气形势、后向轨迹模式等方法,综合分析了本次观测数据之间的相互关系和内在联系.结果表明:夏季西北部低压槽控制的北京区域不利于低空大气扩散,容易形成光化学污染叠加灰霾污染,污染形成时白天地面小时最大φ(O3)可达120×10-9,280 m高度处可达155×10-9;来自西北偏西的气流一般较为干净,有利于北京污染物的清除,而来自西南和偏南的气流使北京的O3污染加重,导致区域性高浓度O3污染;在稳定天气条件下,夜间残留层与地面的φ(O3)差别越大,次日光化学生成的φ(O3)起点越高,表明残留层O3在次日混合层抬升过程中卷夹到地面,影响地面空气质量;300 m以内的近地层,在50 m高度左右存在φ(O3)变化程度剧烈层,这是城市冠层界面与大气化学反应共同作用的结果.     

吴泾工业区扬尘污染治理中降尘监测的影响因素研究

降尘监测可以较客观地反映与评价城市区域扬尘污染水平。及时掌握降尘污染状况,对区域扬尘污染治理措施成效和评价城市区域环境空气质量具有实际意义。降尘监测具有采样设备简单、操作简便易行、成本相对较低等特点。但是监测周期长、环节多等都会影响降尘监测的准确性。本文通过对吴泾工业区扬尘污染治理中降尘数据分析发现,降尘监测中存在降尘数据波动大、受周边环境影响大、人为损坏多等诸多因素的影响,就这些影响因素进行分析探讨,并提出了若干建议和解决方法。     

基于超低电容特性的微尘在线监测技术研究

为了更有效地测量工业烟尘排放浓度,研究了一种电容特性的微尘在线监测技术,利用电容传感器输出电压来反映粉尘质量。介绍了电容法测量粉尘量的原理、测量系统组成等,研究了粉尘质量与电容传感器输出电压的关系。对5种不同粉尘的测量结果进行分析表明,粉尘质量与电容传感器输出电压之间存在着一定的比例关系,其相关系数高达0.99。同时进行了微尘在线测量的研究,并采用电容特性曲线对测量系统进行了标定,从而验证了电容法在线微尘监测的可行性。