Safety management by use of laser mass spectrometry of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the processed gas and work environment of a PCB disposal plant

This study demonstrates the applicability of laser mass spectrometry for safety management of the processed gas and the work environment in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal plant. By utilization of laser ionization/ion trapping storage/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LI-IT-TOFMS), we analyzed gaseous PCBs from scrap capacitors with on-line detection. It was confirmed that few contaminants were detected in the spectrum. By the effect of laser-induced selective ionization, it was considered that there was little interference with the mass range of PCBs. The accuracy of LI-IT-TOFMS when analyzing environmental gas was almost the same as that for the PCB standard gas. It was possible to perform on-line analysis of the work environment for over 2000 h (120 000 data points). LI-IT-TOFMS was thus shown to be a very useful method for ensuring the safety of the work environment in disposal plants for PCBs.     

A two-agent dynamic model with an invasive weed diffusion externality: an application to Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) in New Mexico

This paper presents a bioeconomic model for two agents, a cattle rancher and a non-rancher, with interdependencies between their individual effort of invasive weed management and profitability. Dynamic simulations allow us to find numerically the optimal effort of weed control over a 5-year time horizon under a variety of beginning infestation levels. In a base-case scenario without governmental cost-share of control costs, we find that efforts to control the weed are not profitable. The base-case scenarios also indicate that grazing contributes to giving the invasive weed a competitive edge. A second series of simulations include incentive payments for weed control which are set at the minimum level required to have a net positive impact on the rancher's profitability. From these simulations, we find that the level of infestation impacts the size of the incentive necessary to get the agent to control the weeds and that the incentive payments impact the level of effort of the rancher. In addition, results reveal that the higher incentive payments for lower levels of weed infestations reduce the total cumulative incentive payments over time. Efficient policies directed towards management of invasive weeds may need to be adjusted for each individual case.     

Dynamic numerical simulation of coal mine fire for escape capsule installation

Fire in mine laneway leads to disordered ventilation system airflow, and smoke will result in staff poisoning. In such situation, it necessitates to install a rescue capsule in the common staff area. In this paper, the software Fluent was used to simulate the airflow conditions dynamically in No. 5 belt roadway of Kongzhuang Coal Mine when fire broke out. The migration law of CO front was determined. By underground escape experiments, personnel escape velocity model in pathway was established. Based on the numerical simulation and results of field experiments, the escape capsule installation location in the passageway of No. 5 belt roadway was ascertained.     

考虑玻璃结构的上海中心大厦幕墙大震弹塑性分析

常规的幕墙抗震设计,往往只考虑玻璃质量对幕墙整体的影响而忽略玻璃刚度,将玻璃结构转化为等效质量施加于幕墙支撑结构进行抗震分析。然而,当幕墙结构承受大震作用时,幕墙支撑结构已进入塑性状态,将产生较大变形,此时玻璃刚度将在一定程度上影响幕墙整体刚度。尤其是对于复杂的超高层幕墙结构,玻璃刚度对幕墙整体刚度的影响具有一定的未知性,需要深入研究。针对这一问题,本文依托上海中心大厦幕墙结构,研究了考虑玻璃结构的幕墙大震下的弹塑性响应,并将其与未考虑玻璃结构的响应进行对比分析。结果表明,玻璃结构对建筑主体结构影响较少,对幕墙结构层间位移角抑制明显,从而减少了支撑结构内力;对高楼层,加速度放大系数有一定抑制作用,但对低楼层,加速度放大系数抑制作用有限。     

合金钢组合辙叉轨下刚度对其安全性影响评估

为研究轨下刚度对合金钢组合辙叉安全性能的影响规律,并选取合适的刚度值,用以指导生产设计,以12号单开道岔合金钢组合辙叉为研究对象,建立辙叉整体模型及叉心模型。基于有限单元法,分析不同轨下刚度对列车动荷载作用下辙叉的受力及变形的影响规律,且对叉心燕尾部位进行疲劳检算。结果表明,随轨下刚度增加,列车对钢轨的冲击荷载逐渐增大,钢轨所受内部拉应力及竖向变形逐渐减小。经比较,刚度值选择50 kN/mm为宜,此时,叉心燕尾处应力及疲劳检算结果显示辙叉可以满足安全使用要求。综合各安全性指标选取合适的合金钢组合辙叉轨下刚度,有助于保证辙叉自身强度和行车安全性,以改善其使用性能,延长使用寿命。     

A Dynamic model of Cs accumulation by fish of different age classes

A dynamic model of radionuclide accumulation in fish is developed. In the model, the fish population is represented by a set of discrete age classes. Each age class is characterized by a specific growth rate, diet and activity of metabolic processes. The model describes all known types of size effect in the contamination of fish with radiocaesium. The detailed dynamics of ¹³⁷Cs accumulation by fish are demonstrated using the results of the model's application to ichtiofauna in a water body which has a high level of contamination with radiocaesium — namely, the cooling pond of the Chernobyl NPP.     

Pressure characteristics and dynamic response of coal mine refuge chamber with underground gas explosion

Coal mine refuge chambers are new devices for coal mine safety which can provide basic survival conditions after gas explosion. In order to simulate the propagation of underground methane/air mixture blast wave, and check structural safety of coal mine mobile refuge chamber, an underground tunnel model and a refuge chamber model have been established based on explicit nonlinear dynamic ANSYS/LS-DYNA 970 program. Results show that the reflected wave pressure on the impact surface was about two times higher than that on the incident one. The relationship between the pressure fields of the chamber was analyzed. The maximum pressure of gas explosion reached about 0.71 MPa, and the pulse width was 360 ms. The maximum absolute displacement and stress occurs at the main door center and the connection of stiffeners and the front plate, respectively. The entire coal mine mobile refuge chamber was in elastic state and its strength and stiffness meet the safety requirements. The cabin door, the front plate and the connecting flange at cabin back as well as the stiffeners on each side were the most critical components. Suggestions were put forward for the refuge chamber.     

大吨位桥式起重机主梁静刚度检测方法

探索了一种基于弹性理论的桥式起重机静刚度的近似测量方法,可大幅度减轻配重工作的难度并在现场检测中得到应用。     

矿化垃圾除磷特性及其影响因素的研究

主要研究了KH2PO4溶液在矿化垃圾中的吸附性能,静态和动态试验研究表明在静态试验条件下,初始浓度越高,固液比越小,矿化垃圾吸附磷量越多;pH对磷吸附性能具有较大的影响,当pH在8左右时,矿化垃圾吸磷量达到最大吸附量.在动态实验条件下,湿干比减小,配水速率减小,都有利于矿化垃圾除磷率的增加,当初始溶液的磷质量浓度为50 mg/L时,矿化垃圾有最佳除磷率.     

Application of a variable-speed ground-coupled liquid desiccant air-conditioner to multi-story office buildings in temperate regions

A new variable-speed ground-coupled liquid desiccant air-conditioner was proposed and applied to a multi-storey office building in a temperate city of Kunming in China. Dynamic system simulations were performed to compare its performance with a constant-speed ground-source heat pump system. It was found that the use of the new system for a single-floor office reduced the annual unbalanced load to the ground heat exchanger borefield by nearly 70% together with a borehole depth reduction of up to 30%. For the case of a multi-storey office building, the number of floors served could be increased by 144% together with a reduction of CO₂ emission by 43%. The results highlighted the merit of the new hybrid system with enhanced applicability when it was applied to a multi-storey office building in a temperate city.