Modeling the Influence of Dynamic Zoning of Forest Harvesting on Ecological Succession in a Northern Hardwoods Landscape

Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior, closed canopy forest, thus increasing the value of these landscapes for interior-dependent wildlife. We used the simulation model LANDIS to examine how the implementation of a dynamic zoning strategy would change trajectories of ecological succession in the Great Divide Ranger District of the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin over 500 years. The components of dynamic zoning strategies (number of zones in a scenario and the length of the hiatus between successive entries into zones) and their interaction had highly significant impacts on patterns of forest succession. Dynamic zoning scenarios with more zones and shorter hiatus lengths increased the average amount of the forest dominated by early successional aspen (Populus sp.). Dynamic zoning scenarios with two zones produced more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with four zones. Dynamic zoning scenarios with very short (30 years) or very long (120 years) hiatus lengths resulted in more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with intermediate hiatus lengths (60 and 90 years). However, none of the dynamic scenarios produced as much late successional mature northern hardwoods as the static alternative. Furthermore, the amounts of all habitat types in all dynamic zoning scenarios fluctuated greatly in time and space relative to static alternatives, which could negatively impact wildlife species that require a stable amount of habitat above some minimum critical threshold. Indeed, implementing dynamic zoning scenarios of different designs would have both positive and negative effects on wildlife species and for other objectives of forest management.     

Seaward coastal defence: limitations and possibilities

In The Netherlands shoreline retreat is actively counteracted, mostly by means of beach nourishment in which some allowance is made for natural fluctuations. For some parts of the coast, however, a more active socalled ‘seaward coastal defence strategy’ might be more profitable. This applies to coasts with a small dune ridge subject to severe erosion. According to this strategy the morphological system is influenced in such a way that erosion is prevented, which will result in a stable or even an accretion coastline. The effectiveness of the seaward coastal defence strategy has to be compared with maintenance by beach nourishment. The effects on the morphological system, the environment and other interests must also be analysed. Several seaward solutions are possible. In order to gain more insight into the behaviour of these solutions, comparative pilot studies have been executed for the most vulnerable locations. This paper gives an overview of the main conclusions of the pilot studies in comparison with sand nourishment, the main coastal defence measure.     

城市污水处理厂动态模拟研究

利用活性污泥1号模型。对采用A/O工艺的上海某城市污水处理厂的碳化、硝化、反硝化过程进行计算机动态模拟，结果表明，出水中的TCOD、TN与污水处理厂的出水基本吻合，说明利用活性污泥1号模型对城市污水处理厂进行模拟是可行的。并根据模拟结果建议该厂运行过程中应降低A段的溶解氧。     

动力风泵房循环水余热回收方案设计

介绍了动力风泵房每年有大量的工业余热为没经过处理直接排放,造成能源的浪费,以及其解决的思路:利用水源热泵吸收动力风泵房中产生的余热来加热水源,变成洗浴用水,从而达到节能减排的目的.     

铁路安全管理综合评价的一种新方法

针对铁路安全管理的现状,从实际应用角度出发,笔者提出了一种新的综合评价方法--动态集成综合分析评价法.该方法能把铁路安全管理定性与定量信息、历史事故信息与管理现状信息、安全管理措施与专家咨询意见有机地结合起来,构成一种动态目标评价体系,从而对铁路安全管理的多个方面进行综合评判,因此,能客观地反映了铁路安全管理的现状.     

临近空间环境对飞艇蒙皮织物材料力学性能的影响研究

目的研究飞艇蒙皮材料在临近空间环境下的力学特性。方法根据临近空间环境的特征参数,制定空间环境地面模拟实验方案,包括高低温、紫外环境和臭氧环境下地面模拟实验方案。然后以聚氨酯涂覆Nylon织物为例,研究临近空间环境对飞艇蒙皮材料力学特性的影响,并通过红外红外光谱和原子力显微镜研究其影响机理。结果与未经高低温循环相比,弹性模量增加了11%,拉伸强度的最大变化不超过5%;经过48～240h紫外线辐照后,弹性模量提高了22%～34%,拉伸强度几乎没有变化;通过臭氧老化后,材料弹性模量的增加幅值约为6%,拉伸强度逐渐降低。结论紫外辐射对于聚氨酯涂覆Nylon织物材料弹性模量的提升效应大于高低温和臭氧老化,但对其强度的影响明显小于高低温和臭氧老化,臭氧老化对材料强度影响大于高低温和紫外辐射。     

内爆炸下肋环型球面钢网壳的泄爆阈值研究

利用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立包含TNT炸药、网壳杆件、梁、柱、地面、围护结构(墙面和屋面)以及连接构件在内的单层肋环型球壳在内部中心爆炸下的数值模型。基于该模型,计算分析TNT炸药量和连接构件抗拉刚度的变化对墙面和屋面破坏模式的影响。将墙面和屋面的破坏模式进行归纳分类,通过提取围护结构表面有限测点的冲击波压力,得到不同破坏模式下结构的极限冲击波超压值ΔPlimf(泄爆阈值)。研究结果表明:连接构件抗拉刚度和TNT炸药量对墙面和屋面的破坏有较大影响,TNT炸药量一定时,连接构件抗拉刚度越大,围护结构破坏程度越低;基于墙面和屋面的破坏模式所建立的泄爆阈值与连接构件抗拉刚度的变化范围可为工程泄爆设计提供有效参考。     

苍山4.4级地震与相公庄水准短临前兆异常

摘要本文采用逐步回归等方法处理了山东相公庄水准 EW、SN 向1989年1月1日至1990年9月30日的五日均值观测资料。回归分析结果表明:苍山4.4(M_L)级地震前相公庄水准 EW、SN 向均有10天左右的短临前兆异常,异常最大幅值分别为0.84mm和0.42mm,地震发生在异常达最大值的前一天,回归剩余标准差分别为±0.17mm和±0.12mm。据动态灰箱法处理的结果说明:短临异常在月均值上也有一定显示,只是幅度小些。作者认为:距震中50km左右的定点形变台,在一定条件下有可能监测到4级以上地震的短临前兆异常。