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Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characterization of the event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff during heavy precipitation events on highways. Highway runoff quality data were collected from the 7th highway, in South Korea during 2007-2009. The samples were analyzed for runoff quantity and quality parameters such as CODcr, TSS, TPHs, TKN, NO3, TP, PO4 and six heavy metals, e.g., As, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn. Analysis of resulting hydrographs and pollutant graphs indicates that the peak of the pollutant concentrations in runoff occurs 20 min after the first rainfall runoff occurrence. The first flush effect depends on the preceding dry period and the rainfall intensity. The results of this study can be used as a reference for water quality management of urban highways. 相似文献
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城市旅游区降雨径流污染特征——以武汉动物园为例 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
选择武汉动物园旅游区具有代表性的5种汇水单元,对降雨径流水质水量进行了同步监测,研究了城市旅游区降雨径流污染过程,对比了裸露林地、草地林地、兽类泥土场院、禽类泥土场院及屋顶这5种汇水单元的年降雨径流污染物平均浓度,并计算了污染物的年污染负荷.研究结果表明,透水地表的水土流失是其降雨径流污染的主要原因,室外动物展览馆中动物排泄物在地面累积使场馆径流受到严重污染.城市旅游区中颗粒态是N、P污染物输出的主要形态.各汇水单元中,TN、DN、TP、DP、COD、SS的年污染负荷最高值分别为165、31.2、22.5、1.03、2216、8571 kg·hm-2·a-1.城市旅游区的土地景观利用方式是影响污染物输出的首要原因. 相似文献
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宁波市典型城市下垫面雨水径流污染特征解析 总被引:4,自引:6,他引:4
雨水径流污染影响受纳水体水质,为掌握宁波市雨水径流污染特征,于2009~2019年开展了8场降雨调查,采用频率统计分析和相关性分析方法研究了中心城区的屋面、广场、绿地、小区道路、商业街道路和城市主干道等不同下垫面的雨水径流污染水平,径流污染来源,以及中小雨型径流水质的冲刷规律.结果表明,宁波市各下垫面雨水径流的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总氮、总磷和总悬浮固体(TSS)等污染指标的次降雨径流平均浓度(EMC)均值分别介于23.88~102.31、 0.40~1.69、 3.41~8.71、 0.09~0.50及37.6~323.4mg·L~(-1)之间.除广场外,其它各下垫面雨水径流的COD和总氮污染严重,屋面、商业街和小区雨水径流氨氮显著高于广场、绿地和主干道(P0.05),商业街、主干道和绿地雨水径流总磷浓度显著高于(P0.05)其它下垫面;屋面、广场、主干道及商业街雨水径流中的TSS与COD、氨氮、总磷具有同源性质,绿地和小区雨水径流的氨氮和总氮具有同源性质;在中小雨情景下屋面和绿地等下垫面的氨氮较易形成初始冲刷效应,而广场、小区和城市主干道等下垫面的总氮和总磷初始冲刷效应并不明显. 相似文献
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温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
监测了温州2个采样区5场较为典型的降雨过程,测定了不同下垫面径流pH值以及总磷(TP)、溶解态磷(DP)、颗粒态磷(PP)、总无机碳(TIC)、总有机碳(TOC)、总悬浮颗粒(TSS)、BOD5、COD的含量.结果表明,温州城市降雨径流中TP、DP以及PP含量分别介于0.01~4.32 mg.L-1、ND~0.88 mg.L-1以及ND~4.31 mg.L-1之间,径流初期阶段PP占绝对主导地位,而在整个径流过程的中后期,大部分降雨径流中DP占TP的比重呈现出一个上升的趋势,屋面径流和汇流口径流这一情况尤其明显.从TP和DP的EMC值来判断,有些城市降雨径流会对下级受纳水体造成环境压力.同时,不同城市降雨径流中TP以及DP含量之间的差异显著,而不同的降雨条件也会影响降雨径流中磷的含量.根据M(V)累积曲线判断,TP初期冲刷效应在城市降雨径流中是较为普遍的;与TP相比,城市降雨径流中的DP比较难发生初始冲刷的情况.城市降雨径流中总磷的含量不但受下垫面类型的影响,而且与径流各种理化指标之间呈现出显著的相关关系.所有结果皆指出针对不同下垫面径流磷污染的治理工作应采用不同的最佳管理方案(BMPs),而降低径流TSS含量是削减其磷负荷的有效途径之一. 相似文献
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The large number of radio frequency (RF) transmitters employed in modern marine platforms requires that they operate in mutual
coexistence while posing no danger to operators and equipment despite the limited available physical space. A key to the successful
system integration is the control of the electromagnetic environment on the ships’ topsides, which might pose radiation hazards
(RADHAZ) to personnel (HERP). HERP are caused by transmitter antenna installations that generate intentional EM radiation
in excess of the safe levels in zones of personnel activity. Radiation safety to personnel is achieved when the average radiation
power density is below the permissible exposure limits (PEL) for HERP at locations of personnel activity and medical equipment
operation. This paper describes the analysis tools and techniques for the evaluation of HERP on marine platforms. The same
approaches could be employed in the analysis of land site antenna deployment scenarios. 相似文献
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