粉尘对电气设备的危害及其防治

冶金生产过程中产生的粉尘对电气设备危害极大,如造成电气设备短路,电气开关按触不良,通风不良等。采取了定期清扫粉尘,定期检查开关设备的触头及接线,提高电气设备的抗尘能力等措施后,取得明显效果。     

护眼灯的电磁辐射水平初步调查

对市场销售的多种品牌的儿童护眼灯电磁辐射水平进行了调查,结果表明,该类产品的电磁辐射水平较高,应关注由此应起的对健康的潜在危害。     

Membrane fouling reduction through electrochemically regulating flocs aggregation in an electro-coagulation membrane reactor

Coupling coagulation and applied electric field is an efficient method to regulate cake layer porosity and hydrophilicity for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane (UF) fouling. However, the Al/Fe flocs aggregation behavior are induced from electric field and determine the cake layer structure, which has not been studied comparatively yet. Herein, the anti-fouling performance in an efficient electro-coagulation membrane reactor (ECMR, in which UF membrane modules are placed between electrodes) was investigated with Al/Fe anode and various electrochemical parameters from the viewpoint of regulating flocs aggregation. Both the cake layers formed from Al and Fe flocs under an electric field were more porous and hydrophilic in comparison with that formed without electric fields, resulting in an enhanced water flux under higher electric field strength. Comparing with Fe flocs, Al flocs had a faster growth rate and larger size, facilitating membrane pore block resistant, which was more pronounced in a higher current density. Furthermore, the cake layer formed from Al flocs was more porous than that formed from Fe flocs. Therefore, the anti-fouling performance of ECMR with Al anode was superior to that of ECMR with Fe anode. When the electric field strength increased from 0 to 10?V/cm, the normalized specific flux was improved from 71.2% to 89.4% for ECMR (Al) and from 48.1% to 70.1% for ECMR (Fe) at 30?min.     

浅议起重机械接地电阻的检测

近年来,随着起重机械在电气系统上的长足发展,起重机械电气系统的复杂化给予检验检测人员带来较多困惑,同时起重机械由于漏电而造成的安全事故也时有发生,此类事故又多与接地系统缺失或不完备有关。在起重机械电气系统中,最为基础,同时也是最为重要的部分是起重机械的接地系统,接地系统的安全设置,可以避免因为漏电所连成的操作人员触电事故。本文对起重机械接地系统进行完整分析,并对检验人员现场检验起重机械接地系统给出相关建议。     

接地、接零与漏触电保护装置

对目前在电气安全方面广泛应用的保护接地和保护接零技术进行了分析,指出其各自的局限性与特点,重点讨论了漏触电保护装置的工作原理,并就其在实际中的应用进行了阐述。     

Recent trends in recycling activities and waste management in Japan

Japan's basic approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) is (1) waste reduction, (2) promotion of recycling, (3) volume reduction by intermediate treatment, and (4) environmentally sound final disposal. A brief history of legislative trends in waste management is given as background for current waste management and recycling activities. The material recovery rate for MSW collected by local municipalities was only 5.6% in 1996. More than half of MSW, on a volume basis, consists of containers and packages, while great amounts of landfill space are also taken up by bulky wastes such as electric appliances. Therefore, in order to promote recycling and decrease landfill waste, Japan is targeting containers, packages, and electric appliances. A law promoting separate collection and recycling of containers and packages (Packaging Waste Recycling Law) and a law requiring the recycling of specific home electric appliances into new products (Home Electric Appliance Recycling Law) were introduced in June 1995 and June 1998, respectively. These laws are in line with the OECD policy Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Received: September 16, 1998 / Accepted: March 10, 1999     

Effectiveness of a worker-worn electric-field sensor to detect power-line proximity and electrical-contact

Problem

Construction workers suffer the most electrocutions among all industries. Currently, there are no electrical contact warning devices on the market to protect workers. This paper proposes a worker-worn electric-field sensor. As the worker is in proximity to, or in contact with, a live power-circuit, the sensor sets off an audible/visual warning alarm. The sensor also has the potential to wirelessly trip a wireless-capable circuit breaker, and to trigger a wireless transmitter to notify emergency response of an electrical contact.

Methods

An experiment was conducted to measure electric-field variation on simulated human-wrists (10 defrosted hog-legs) in various proximities and in electrical-contact to a simulated power-circuit. The purpose of these tests was to determine the feasibility of developing a worker-worn electric-field detection sensor for use in protecting workers from contact with energized electrical conductors.

Results

This study observed a significant electric-field-magnitude increase as a hog-leg approaches the live-circuit, and the distinct electric-field-magnitude jump as the leg contacts with the live-circuit. The observation indicates that this sensor can be an effective device to warn the workers of electrical hazards. Additionally, the sensor has the potential to wirelessly trip a wireless-capable circuit-breaker and trigger a wireless transmitter (such as a cell phone) to notify an emergency response. The prompt notification prevents the worker from further injury caused by postponed medical-care.

Impact on Industry

Widespread use of this sensor could lower electrocution and electrically related injury rates in the construction industry.     

有机污染场地微生物修复研究进展

结合国内外研究,从典型有机污染物微生物修复机理、降解菌株的筛选、微生物修复技术,以及微生物修复技术的表面活性剂和电化学强化等方面综述了微生物修复技术的研究进展,并对其发展方向和趋势做出展望。     

新疆电力结构调整对SO2污染物排放总量的影响

应用数学模型与预案分析相结合的方法,分别对新疆2010年电源结构调整的3个方案及污染治理水平调整(提高)的3个方案的SO2总排放量进行估算,并将其结果与2010年新疆电力行业SO2污染物总量控制目标相比较,确定"十一五"期间新疆电源结构调整及污染治理水平调整(提高)均应以中、高方案为调整首选目标,即到2010年时,火电在新疆电源结构中比例应下降为70%～65%,而水风电比例提高到30%～35%;同时提高火电行业污染治理水平,使SO2污染物排放系数约为"十五"末的55%～50%.新疆电力结构调整对实现"十一五"新疆电力行业SO2排放总量的控制目标及促进新疆社会经济、环境及电力工业的可持续发展具有重要意义.     

Effects of different Ca2+ behavior patterns in the electric field on membrane fouling formation and removal of trace organic compounds

The effects of Ca²⁺on membrane fouling and trace organic compounds(TrOCs) removal in an electric field-assisted microfiltration system were investigated in the presence of Na+alone for comparison. In the electric field, negatively charged bovine serum albumin(BSA)migrated towards the anode far away from the membrane surface, resulting in a 42.9% transmembrane pressure(TMP) reduction in the presence of Na+at 1.5 V. In contrast, because of the stronger charge shielding of Ca²⁺