起重机械安全保护控制装置的可靠性和有效性探讨

从设计、制造、安装、使用及安全技术检验等过程 ,探讨了提高起重机械安全保护控制装置的可靠性和有效性的途径 ,指出了起重机械安全保护控制装置的发展趋势 ,提出了引进国外技术应注意的问题     

Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and the protective capacity in some oil producing communities of western Niger Delta

Oil spills have become a major environmental hazard constituting serious social problems in Nigeria, especially in the oil producing communities. The spills contaminate the aquifer if the subsurface layers are not protected. Geoelectric technique of geophysical investigation has been used to evaluate the protective capacity of six oil producing communities: Oleh, Olomoro, Uzere, Afiesere, Ekakpamre and Uvwiamuge in the western Niger Delta. A total of 139 vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode configuration were occupied in these communities. The longitudinal conductance maps delineated areas with poor (<0.1 mho), weak (0.1–0.19 mho), moderate (0.2–0.69 mho) and good protective capacity (0.7–4.9 mho). The study has shown that the protective capacity of most parts of the communities studied is poor with Uvwiamuge and Ekakpamre communities not protected hence the aquifer in these oil producing communities are vulnerable to contamination by hydrocarbon in the event of pollution. Hence proper environmental protection measures have been suggested to safeguard the aquifer from pollution by hydrocarbon in the event of spillage.     

罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区资源保护现状及对策探讨

随着罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区内道路建设、交通运输、旅游探险及各类矿业开发活动日益增多，给珍稀野生动物尤其是主要保护对象野骆驼的生存环境带来较大压力。在这种情况下，保护好保护区荒漠野生动植物物种资源成为亟待解决的问题。在分析现状的基础上，提出了保护对策。     

The effects of chemical protective suits on human performance

Workers in the chemical industry are often required to wear protective suits while performing tasks. While these suits can be life saving, they increase the difficulty and discomfort faced by the wearer. This research explores the performance of individuals wearing the highly cumbersome Level A suit. The suits are heat-retentive and can cause fatigue that affects performance by increasing response time and decreasing accuracy. Members of Missouri’s Civil Support Team (CST) served as subjects for this research. They conducted fine and gross motor tests. Their completion time and accuracy were evaluated both out-of-suit and in-suit for the Level A chemical protective suits.A t-test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the Level A suits on performance. Results showed a significant increase in completion time and errors for gross motor tasks. This type of task had up to a 103% increase in time required and up to a 34% decrease in accuracy. The suit’s impact on fine motor skill was also significant, but to a lesser extent. Repeated measures test was performed to evaluate any potential time-in-suit effect. A decrease in mean task completion time was observed for some of the tasks. There was a corresponding decrease in accuracy but no consistent time-in-suit effect was identified.The results indicate the need for care when designing procedures and equipement to be used by humans wearing restrictive PPE. It is important to take human limitations into consideration in the design phase in order to decrease the need for human adaptation and increase system safety. To achieve this, understanding human factors is imperative when designing equipment, tasks, or procedures for workers wearing PPE.     

Numerical investigation on performance of protective layer around large-scale chemical storage tank against impact by projectile

The protective layer of chemical storage tank has a significant effect in risk mitigation of projectile-related accidents but the research is still in infancy. In order to investigate the performance of protective layer against projectile, dynamic response process of the large-scale vertical storage tank impacted by the end-cap fragment is simulated based on the LS-DYNA. In this paper, some key factors (thickness, layering order and number of layers) affecting its performance are discussed, which can be characterized by the deformation degrees of the target tank. It is found that the anti-penetration performance is improved rapidly with the increase of thickness, and aluminum (Al) protective layer shows a higher sensitivity to thickness change compared to Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) protective layer. Three double-layered protective layers for different sequences are investigated and the Al-UHMWPE protective layer shows best performance. For the Al protective layers arranged in various combinations of equivalent total thickness, better performance is provided by monolithic structures than layered one. This study demonstrated the rational design of the protective layer around chemical storage tanks in material selection and structure configuration.     

关于卫生防护距离问题的探讨

本文通过水泥厂粉尘卫生防护距离的计算实例，比较、分析了国标推荐的两种计算方法的结果．表明ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１计算较ＧＢ３８４０－８３结果偏高．进一步分析说明，ＧＢ３８４０－８３方法缺点在于当污染源等效半径超过２００ｍ时，缺少最大防护距离与规化源强间的对应数据．而ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１方法的缺点在于未考虑污染源与居住区的空间关系．     

试论我国风景资源的保护

风景资源是一种不可再生的资源,一旦毁损,无法弥补。随着旅游业的发展,风景资源面临着污染、破坏和衰竭的局面,针对这种现状,本文提出了保护对策。     

低山丘陵区铁路建设工程弃渣场水土保持措施设计

弃渣场作为铁路建设项目水土流失最为严重的部分,其防护应提到首要位置。针对低山丘陵区铁路建设涉及的凹地型、坡地型、沟道型弃渣场,从弃渣场选址原则、不同类型的弃渣场比较、防护措施设计进行分析和阐述,构建完整的水土流失防治体系,为同类型铁路建设项目弃渣场防护措施设计提供参考。     

Disaster threat: Preparedness and potential response of the lowest income quartile

For a community to manage hazards successfully, those who are responsible for planning and implementing responses to a disaster threat situation must understand the social and economic realities of populations at risk. A random sample survey of residents in the vicinity of a US Army chemical weapons storage depot in Alabama confirms that those in the lowest quartile of household income (i.e., less than US $25,000 in 1999) differ in important ways from the rest of the sample. Using economic status as a grouping variable resultedin identifying a concentration of individuals with special needs. This group differed significantly from the remainder of the sample as to demographic and attitudinal characteristics, hazard knowledge and concerns, emergency preparedness, and emergency decision-making and their likelihood of taking protective actions. Respondents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities, fewer community contacts, a heightened concern about area hazards, and limited resources for taking preparedness and response actions.