排污收费是强化环境管理的重要手段

作者结合包头地区的实际情况主要叙述了排污收费在环境管理中的重要地位和作用,排污收费是环境管理的关键,关系到环保事业发展的成败。     

Experimental study on ignitability of pure aluminum powders due to electrostatic discharges and Nitrogen's effect

In order to prevent dust explosions due to electrostatic discharges (ESD), this paper reports the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of aluminum powders in the air and the effective nitrogen (N₂) concentration for the inert technique. The Hartman vertical-tube apparatus and five kinds of different sized pure aluminum powders (median particle size, D50; 8.53 μm–51.2 μm) were used in this study. The statistic minimum ignition energy (MIE_s) of the most sensitive aluminum powder used in this study was 5 mJ, which was affected by the powder particle size (D50; 8.53 μm). In the case of aluminum powder, the inerting effects of N₂ were quite different from the polymer powders. The MIE of aluminum powder barely changed until the N₂ concentration was 89% in comparison with that of the normal air. When the N₂ concentration was 90%, the MIE of aluminum powders suddenly exceeded 1000 mJ, which does not occur easily with ESD in the industrial process.     

火炸药装药实验室寿命评估标准体系研究

为解决我国火炸药装药寿命评估标准工作滞后、体系缺失等问题,规范和指导火炸药装药寿命评估工作,提升寿命评估结果的准确性和认可度,从火炸药装药实验室寿命评估技术体系出发,探讨了火炸药装药寿命评估的流程及技术要求。参照北约弹药装药安全性及寿命评估的相关标准情报资料,构建了我国火炸药装药实验室寿命评估标准体系框架,明确了标准体系建设内容。提出我国火炸药装药实验室寿命评估标准体系按照系统科学、层次分明、综合开放的思路进行构建,分为顶层规范类标准、设计类标准、操作类标准3个层次。     

电除尘器气流分布与粉尘沉降规律试验研究

简要介绍了斜气流技术机理,进行了均匀气流和斜气流状态下的粉尘沉降试验.通过试验数据分析,总结出了电除尘器内部两种气流分布状态下的粉尘沉降规律,指出斜气流技术的应用在提高除尘效率方面具有重大意义,并为斜气流技术的应用提出了一些建议.     

新型湿式电除雾（尘）器在脱硫脱硝尾气深度净化工程的实践应用

通过新型湿式电除雾（尘）器器应用于脱硫脱硝尾气深度净化工程的成功案例,介绍新型湿式电除雾（尘）器器研制的技术优势及其应用领域,旨在为脱硫脱硝尾气中夹带的雾滴、PM2.5微粉尘等气溶胶污染物,提供一种有效可行的深度净化治理新途径,以应对日趋严格的环保政策及排放标准。     

The pH-dependent adsorption of tributyltin to charcoals and soot

Widespread use of tributyltin (TBT) poses a serious environmental problem. Adsorption by black carbon (BC) may strongly affect its behavior. The adsorption of TBT to well characterized soot and two charcoals with specific surface area in the range of 62-111 m² g⁻¹ have been investigated with main focus on pH effects. The charcoals but not soot possess acidic functional groups. TBT adsorption reaches maximum at pH 6-7 for charcoals, and at pH > 6 for soot. Soot has between 1.5 and 15 times higher adsorption density (0.09-1.77 μmol m⁻²) than charcoals, but charcoals show up to 17 times higher sorption affinities than soot. TBT adsorption is successfully described by a new pH-dependent dual Langmuir model considering electrostatic and hydrophobic adsorption, and pH effects on TBT speciation and BC surface charge. It is inferred that strong sorption of the TBTOH species to BC may affect TBT toxicity.     

Demulsification performance and mechanism of oil droplets by electrocoagulation: Role of surfactant

Surfactants are widely used to improve the solubility of oil in water in petrochemical, making it more difficult to remove oil–water emulsions during the water treatment process. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an appropriate method for treating oily wastewater and destabilizing emulsions. However, the demulsification mechanism of oil–water droplets emulsified by surfactants with different charges have not been investigated systematically. The demulsification performance of electrocoagulation on emulsions wastewater containing cationic, non-ionic, and anionic surfactants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) in oily wastewater with anionic surfactant by EC reached 92.98% ± 0.40% at a current density of 1 mA/cm², while that of the non-ionic surfactant was 84.88% ± 0.63%. The characterization of flocs showed that EC has the highest coagulation and demulsification of oil droplets with a negative charge on the surface (−70.50 ± 10.25 mV), which indicated that the charge neutralization of oil droplets was beneficial for the destabilization of the formed oily flocs. However, when the zeta potential of the oil droplets reached 75.50 ± 1.25 mV, the TOC removal efficiency was only 11.80% ± 1.43%. The TOC removal could achieve 33.23% ± 3.21% when the current density improved from 1 mA/cm² to 10 mA/cm². The enhanced removal was due to the sweep coagulation rather than charge neutralization. This study provides a fundamental basis for the electrochemical treatment of oily wastewater.     

宽间距长芒刺静电除尘技术的应用

宽间距长芒刺静电除尘技术是国家“九五”科技攻关课题所取得的成果之一。由于采用宽间距、长芒刺放电极结构和极板涂敷特种防腐涂层 ,降低金属材料消耗的同时 ,降低了宽间距电除尘器电压工作范围 ,避免了使用超高压电源所致的绝缘难题 ,大大减少了静电除尘器的初期投资。笔者将该成果应用于某水泥厂生料磨系统 ,现场使用效果表明 ,该除尘技术不仅可有效改善作业环境 ,且工作电流、电压稳定 ,收尘效率高 ,设备阻力低 ,运转稳定可靠。     

Test methodology for determining the incendiary nature and electrostatic discharge characteristics of plastic surfaces

This experimental study was originally designed to quantify the electrostatic characteristics of offshore grade fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes [Dastidar, A. G., Dahn, C. J., Cole, B. W., & Lo, K. H. (2005a). Electrostatic characteristics of FRP pipes. In Fourth international conference on composite materials for offshore operation, Houston, TX, Oct 4–6, 2005]. Discharge energies were measured from the sample surfaces for each test condition after an aggressive corona charging of up to −40 kV. While the measured values of total discharge energy were relatively high for some samples, the energy in the first peak was significantly lower. The first peak energy is thought to be the most significant measure in establishing the potential for incendive events.

To further quantify the incendive potential of discharges from FRP pipes, a unique test method was developed [Dastidar, A. G., Dahn, C. J., Cole, B. W., & Lo, K. H., (2005b). Incendiary nature and electrostatic discharge characteristics of FRP pipes. In Fourth international conference on composite materials for offshore operation, Houston, TX, Oct 4–6, 2005]. The methodology has been expanded to include other FRP components. This paper describes the test method and the test results obtained for testing several FRP structures and materials (pipes, grill work, railing etc.). The significance of the experimental results to industry is also discussed.     

带电细水雾的灭火实验研究

利用静电感应原理,设计了使细水雾强制带电的感应荷电装置,进行了带电细水雾的灭火实验研究。为研究带电细水雾的灭火效率,在受限空间内,采用小尺度实验方法,通过改变电压的极性和大小、针-环状电极的半径及其距伞罩电极之间的距离,分析对灭火时间和热电偶温度变化的影响。结果表明:带电细水雾比普通细水雾能更迅速地降低火焰温度、熄灭火焰,荷负电的细水雾比荷正电的细水雾具有更好的抑制效果,随着电压的增大、针-环状电极半径及两电极间距的减小,灭火效能提高,熄灭时间减少。