胺型腰果酚醛树脂对Ag~+的吸附

制备了3种胺型腰果酚醛树脂(二乙撑三胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCD)、己二胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCE)、己二胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCH)),采用XPS(X-射线光电子能谱仪)、EA(元素分析仪)、FTIR(傅利叶变换红外光谱分析仪)等手段研究了其结构特征,并考察了其对水溶液中Ag+的吸附行为和机理.结果表明,3种树脂对Ag+有较高的吸附量和吸附作用;在pH值为5.5的条件下,树脂对Ag+的吸附效果最佳;2h内吸附达到平衡;吸附行为均符合Lagergren准二级速率方程;树脂对Ag+的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;吸附反应为自发吸热和熵增的过程;可溶性无机盐对树脂吸附Ag+的影响不大;推测其吸附机理是树脂上胺基、羟基与Ag+发生较强的配位作用和较弱的离子交换作用的化学吸附为主.吸附Ag+后的树脂可用硝酸脱附再生;树脂循环使用4次后,吸附率和脱附率仍大于90%.     

A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment

Flocculation is an essential phenomenon in industrial wastewater treatment. Inorganic coagulants (salts of multivalent metals) are being commonly used due to its low cost and ease of use. However, their application is constrained with low flocculating efficiency and the presence of residue metal concentration in the treated water. Organic polymeric flocculants are widely used nowadays due to its remarkable ability to flocculate efficiently with low dosage. However, its application is associated with lack of biodegradability and dispersion of monomers residue in water that may represent a health hazard. Therefore, biopolymers based flocculants have been attracting wide interest of researchers because they have the advantages of biodegradability and environmental friendly. But, natural flocculants are needed in large dosage due to its moderate flocculating efficiency and shorter shelf life. Thus, in order to combine the best properties of both, synthetic polymers are grafted onto the backbone of natural polymers to obtain tailor-made grafted flocculants. This paper gives an overview of the development of different types of flocculants that were being investigated for treatment of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, their flocculation performance will be reviewed and the flocculation mechanism will be discussed.     

某水电站库首右岸拉裂变形体形成机理研究

某水电站库首右岸存在一个拉裂变形体,低线施工公路从陡峭拉裂变形体山坡下部通过。低线公路开挖完成后路堑边坡发生局部塌滑,于2003年5月在其上部形成浅层滑坡体(1000多方)。结合拉裂变形体的分析和治理工作,在统计分析大量勘探资料的基础上,提出了该拉裂变形体是边坡在自重应力和构造应力的复合应力场下快速却荷引起岩体的浅表生改造,形成如荷松动岩体,后期在低线公路祠室大爆破开挖施工、下部坡体切脚和基雨的影响下形成浅层滑坡体,并逐步向上扩展的形成机理。     

动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为演化分析

为揭示动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为规律,以企业成本和收益为基础,通过区域内所有企业的博弈,运用演化博弈理论研究不同策略下企业对安全生产投入达标行为演化趋势.研究结果表明:当政府监管能力有约束时,无论企业是否明确预设控制目标,均可能出现投机心理,而政府加大惩罚力度可有效改善整体安全生产水平;同时,企业明确控制目标时,通...     

聚硫代酰胺修饰活性炭对Au(Ⅲ)的选择性吸附效果与机制

通过在活性炭(AC)上原位合成聚硫代酰胺(PTA),成功制备了一种聚硫代酰胺修饰的活性炭基吸附材料(AC-PTA),研究其对废水中三价金[Au(Ⅲ)]的选择性吸附效果及机制.结果表明,AC-PTA在较宽的pH范围(＜5.0)内对多金属离子共存溶液中的Au(Ⅲ)表现出优异的选择性吸附性能,Au(Ⅲ)的剩余浓度小于0.1m...     

建立长效机制 规范管理再生资源收购网点

吉林市再生资源行业发展较快,围绕再生资源回收体系,建立了再生资源回收各环节的规章制度,取得较好的社会效果。同时指出再生资源行业发展过程中存在的具体问题,并提出对策和建议。     

杭州无车日大气细颗粒物化学组成形成机制及光学特性

在世界无车日期间对PM2.5化学组分、光学参数及气态污染物进行同步监测,评估机动车尾气排放对杭州市细颗粒物污染及能见度的影响.结果表明:管制期间NO2、NOx、CO和PM2.5浓度分别为45.0, 50.8, 1119, 85.8μg/m3,比平日分别下降了17.5%、23.3%、20.6%和32.6%.管制期间PM2.5中OC、EC和二次无机组分浓度为8.58, 4.29, 25.95μg/m3,比管制前下降了13.8%、12.6%和15.7%,管制后则达到20.24, 10.85, 27.39μg/m3,上升了136.0%、152.7%和5.5%.管制期间较高的NO3-/PM2.5和NOR(0.15)表明PM2.5的形成更多受二次无机转化影响,管制后PM2.5中上升的OC、EC比例和较低的NOR(0.07)则说明PM2.5主要来自机动车排放的碳质组分的贡献.硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机气溶胶和EC是最主要的消光组分,共解释了总消光系数的74.0%~89.7%.管制后,机动车排放的有机物和EC消光比例达到26.6%和24.6%,大气消光系数则达到438.7Mm-1,比管制期间上升了60.5%,表明机动车污染排放已成为影响杭州大气细颗粒物污染和能见度下降的重要因素.     

非贵金属催化电解无害化去除硝酸盐氮的反应机制

以Ti/Co-Fe-Cu为阴极,Ti/IrO2-RuO2为阳极组成无隔膜电解体系,对非贵金属催化电解无害化去除NO3--N的反应机制进行了实验研究和理论分析.结果表明,NO3--N阴极催化还原过程中,反应物、产物需要通过对流、扩散作用,克服电场力,迁移至目标位置;在非贵金属的催化作用下,NO3--N受还原剂攻击,逐步还原为NH4+-N;还原中间产物NO-N和NH-N直接生成N2-N的过程受抑制,产物NH4+-N难以被再度直接氧化.添加Cl-作为支持电解质,实验电解体系发生阳极析氯、Cl2水解、NH4+-N氯氧化等过程,可将NH4+-N氧化为N2-N,且出水中NO3--N、NO2--N、氯胺类浓度很低.NO3--N无害化去除的反应机制是NO3--N在催化作用下,经传质、吸脱附、电子交换过程,还原为NH4+-N,NH4+-N经由Cl-→Cl2→HOCl→Cl-电解氯氧化循环,最终生成N2-N.     

洞庭湖湿地Cd富集植物蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis)的耐性生理机制研究

采用盆栽植株和外源Cd胁迫的方法,分别对不同生长期蒌蒿植株根、叶组织中的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白及MDA含量进行测定,以揭示蒌蒿在Cd胁迫下的抗氧化机理和耐受机制。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫对上述生理指标均有显著影响:≤20mg·kg-1的Cd处理可使幼苗期植株器官中的可溶性蛋白含量增加16.5%～19.1%,100mg·kg-1的Cd含量水平则导致其含量减少近30%,可溶性蛋白含量的变化与植株的生物量积累关系密切;3种酶活性在0～10mg·kg-1的Cd处理下未显示出明显变化,幼苗期植株CAT、POD活性在10～80mg·kg-1的Cd胁迫下增加明显,高于此浓度范围则使酶蛋白受到破坏而失活,中等含量水平(≤40mg·kg-1)的Cd处理经过长时间作用可使植株逐渐适应胁迫环境,胁迫强度较大的Cd处理可显著提高SOD酶的活性;Cd胁迫过程中植株MDA积累量不断增加。3种抗氧化酶活性的增强在蒌蒿植株耐受Cd胁迫方面能起到较好的防御作用。     

Facilitating sustainable development in Chile: a survey of suitable energy technologies

Sustainable development in developing countries is the main aim of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, in the present context, uncertainty prevails as to whether the CDM is actually achieving its aims in terms of achieving sustainable development and to what extent. Chile has several renewable energy and energy efficiency options with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement potential that are not yet financially and economically competitive. In order to be able to identify potential CDM projects and to formulate a series of possible investment strategies with a sustainable development component, it is crucial to establish a clear understanding of the host country's needs and priorities and the suitable sustainable energy technologies to meet these needs. The main scope of this paper is to present results obtained from an elaborated stakeholder assessment on Chile's high priority energy needs and sustainable energy technologies fulfilling these needs in order to assist Chile in finding ways of encouraging technology transfer that would contribute to low-carbon sustainable energy development.