重大工业隐患的地域监控体系研究

系统地分析了重大工业危险源与事故隐患 ;研究了地域监控、预警、应急预案的体系建设以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监控体系中的工业危险源和隐患监控。笔者认为 :应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次     

WATERSHEDS ARE NOT EQUAL: EXPLORING THE FEASIBILITY OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: We propose that some watersheds may be better candidates for watershed management than others. The extent of success of watershed management may depend, in part, on attributes intrinsic to watersheds: scientific feasibility, social feasibility, and motivational feasibility. Using illustrations from New Jersey watershed management efforts, we tie scientific feasibility to the nature of environmental problems and the scientific capability to solve them. Social feasibility encompasses civic infrastructure and engagement. Motivational feasibility includes issue salience linked to values or economic considerations. We suggest that assessments should be made about the viability of watershed management in specific watersheds and that priorities should be developed based on these assessments. Research on watershed management should explore not only how to improve watershed management but also where to conduct it.     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法直接定性分析水样中有机污染物

用蒸馏水作为样品红外光谱的背景图谱,在水样图谱中扣除背景图谱即得到其中主要污染物的红外谱图,通过解谱,可对水样中的成分作出快速定性,在环境应急监测中得到应用。     

Process Safety Management (PSM) for managing contractors in process plant

Accidents involving contractors continue to occur with regular frequency. By using the standard set within the PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations, it has been identified that certain aspects of the way contractors do work are not up to the stipulated regulatory requirements especially regarding matters like not providing mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers, not discussing hazards related to handling procedures with the workforce and improper control of non-routine activities during changes in shifts. The PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations promulgated in 1992 provides standards that covered processes to obtain and evaluate data regarding contractors' health and safety programs as well as the contractors' performance evaluation. Many of the accidents involving contractors are direct result of poor training of contractors and/or poor control of the contracted work. Even though most organizations have their own contractor management systems, there are issues in meeting the requirements of PSM. The PSM standard only state “what to do” not “how to do it”. This is known as self-regulatory policy which depends on the industries understanding to interpret the standard that also contribute to this problem. This paper presents a structured and easy technique to plan and implement a practical and comprehensive contractors' management system in process industries that will comply with OSHA CFR 1910.119. A model has been developed based on this technique and its application has been tested in a pilot plant for compliance to PSM regulation. The model is beneficial to the process industries as any deficiencies in the PSM contractors' management program will be highlighted by the model which will then easily correct the identified deficiency so as to minimize and prevent catastrophic accidents.     

Googling Trends in Conservation Biology

Web‐crawling approaches, that is, automated programs data mining the internet to obtain information about a particular process, have recently been proposed for monitoring early signs of ecosystem degradation or for establishing crop calendars. However, lack of a clear conceptual and methodological framework has prevented the development of such approaches within the field of conservation biology. Our objective was to illustrate how Google Trends, a freely accessible web‐crawling engine, can be used to track changes in timing of biological processes, spatial distribution of invasive species, and level of public awareness about key conservation issues. Google Trends returns the number of internet searches that were made for a keyword in a given region of the world over a defined period. Using data retrieved online for 13 countries, we exemplify how Google Trends can be used to study the timing of biological processes, such as the seasonal recurrence of pollen release or mosquito outbreaks across a latitudinal gradient. We mapped the spatial extent of results from Google Trends for 5 invasive species in the United States and found geographic patterns in invasions that are consistent with their coarse‐grained distribution at state levels. From 2004 through 2012, Google Trends showed that the level of public interest and awareness about conservation issues related to ecosystem services, biodiversity, and climate change increased, decreased, and followed both trends, respectively. Finally, to further the development of research approaches at the interface of conservation biology, collective knowledge, and environmental management, we developed an algorithm that allows the rapid retrieval of Google Trends data.     

2015年1-2月国内环境事件

简要统计了2015年1-2月国内发生的各种环境事件86起,包括沙尘天气7起,污染事件15起,地震46起,山体滑坡和泥石流6起,旱灾2起以及其他自然灾害10起.     

论生态文明视角下的城市环境管理制度

随着城市化步伐不断加快,城市环境问题日趋复杂和多元,环境管理成为城市这一复杂系统处于最优运行状态的重要保障。当代环境管理的实质,是将人与自然的关系协调到有利于人类生存与发展的和谐状态,环境管理创新是生态文明建设的根本保障。针对城市环境管理存在着环境法规不完善、行政管理制度不健全、缺乏经济手段和公众参与程度低等问题,本文从环境立法、行政管理制度、环境经济政策与公众参与机制等方面提出了若干对策建议,为完善城市环境管理制度提供参考。     

近60 年ENSO 事件对鄂尔多斯北部地区气候的影响

通过对鄂尔多斯北部的乌拉特中旗、呼和浩特和包头三个城市近60 年来的降水资料和 气温资料的整理和搜集,研究了ENSO 事件对鄂尔多斯北部地区的气候与灾害的影响。分析数据 得出,自1952 年来,鄂尔多斯北部地区的气候呈变暖变干趋势。1952 年以来鄂尔多斯北部地区 年平均气温增长率为0.48℃ ·10a?1,高于全国的平均气温增长率（0.22℃ ·10a?1）;年降水量则处 于略下降趋势,下降率约为5.5 mm·10a?1,低于全国的平均降水下降率（12.69 mm·10a?1）。厄尔 尼诺年年平均气温高出正常年份0.2℃,而拉尼娜年的平均气温比正常年低0.14℃。厄尔尼诺年 的平均降水量比正常年减少29.2 mm,拉尼娜年的平均降水比正常年减少23.9 mm。厄尔尼诺事 件对鄂尔多斯北部地区的灾害影响比拉尼娜事件更为显著和强烈,厄尔尼诺年鄂尔多斯北部地区 更易发生高温干旱灾害。小波分析指示,鄂尔多斯北部降水周期变化在30 a 尺度内存在2 a、4 a、 8 a 和14 a 的变化周期。     

Effect of central ventilation and air conditioner system on the concentration and health risk from airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Central ventilation and air conditioner systems are widely utilized nowadays in public places for air exchange and temperature control,which significantly influences the transfer of pollutants between indoors and outdoors.To study the effect of central ventilation and air conditioner systems on the concentration and health risk from airborne pollutants,a spatial and temporal survey was carried out using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as agent pollutants.During the period when the central ventilation system operated without air conditioning (AC-off period),concentrations of 2-4 ring PAHs in the model supermarket were dominated by outdoor levels,due to the good linearity between indoor air and outdoor air (rp>0.769,p<0.05),and the slopes (1.2-4.54) indicated that ventilating like the model supermarket increased the potential health risks from low molecular weight PAHs.During the period when the central ventilation and air conditioner systems were working simultaneously (AC-on period),although the total levels of PAHs were increased,the concentrations and percentage of the particulate PAHs indoors declined significantly.The BaP equivalency (BaPeq) concentration indicated that utilization of air conditioning reduced the health risks from PAHs in the model supermarket.