突发事故水环境污染应急监测系统建立及运行

对水环境污染应急监测系统的建立进行了策划,阐述了应急监测系统及野战实验室的构成,对应急监测系统的运行进行了论述。     

大学城公共安全评价体系初探

随着大学城建设的蓬勃开展,大学城公共安全已成为一项关乎国计民生又亟待深入研究的重要课题。阐述了公共安全评价的研究现状,同时,参照当前国际上成熟的公共安全评价框架,基于脆弱性(风险)与(减灾)能力两个维度,初步建立了大学城公共安全评价指标的内容体系。并以广州大学城为例,对公共安全评价流程和结果进行了初步的分析论证。结合具体的评价结果,针对大学城脆弱性风险防范和减灾能力建设提出了一些有效的建议,以供大学城公共安全规划建设和发展决策参考。     

大型活动中人群的应急行为研究综述

为完善对大型活动的应急处理能力,预防应急事件发生,研究人群在应急状况下的行为反应及疏散中的行为决策。从应急管理和救援的角度,对国内外现有文献进行梳理,分析大型活动背景下人群的应急行为和疏散时间、应急疏散模型、应急逃生的调查实证、交通及人流行为特征和组织与疏散方案等方面的研究现状,指出当前国内外大多数文献较多地侧重于利用计算机模拟火灾环境以研究单一建筑体中人的应急疏散行为,行为调查以事后调查为主,对火灾环境之外的其他突发应急事件及个体行为特征的研究等较少。同时,基于试验性研究的应急心理反应对于行为的影响研究,以及群体信任和他人行为对于行为决策的影响等可以作为未来研究的重要方向。     

1960-2009 年河西地区极端干湿事件的演变特征

采用1960-2009 年甘肃省河西地区13 个观测站逐日气象资料,应用FAO Penman-Monteith 模型计算各气象站年和月的地表湿润指数,进行标准化后统计极端干湿事件频率。采用反距离加权插值法、Mann-Kendall 法及Morlet 小波分析对河西地区极端干湿事件的时空演变特征进行探讨。结果表明：近50 a,河西地区极端干旱和湿润事件频率在波动变化中分别呈减少和增加趋势,其倾向率分别为-0.009 次/a、0.019 次/a,且2000 年以后,趋势更为显著;空间变化上,区域内极端干旱事件倾向率的空间差异整体呈减小趋势,以2000-2009 年的空间差异为最小。20 世纪60 年代,大部分区域极端干旱事件频率增加区与极端湿润事件频率减少区相对应,而极端干旱事件频率减少区与极端湿润事件频率增加区相对应。突变分析表明,极端干旱和湿润事件频率分别在1998 年和1986 年发生突变。平均风速、平均气温和相对湿度是影响河西地区极端干湿事件的主要气象因子,极端干旱和湿润事件频率的主周期分别为19 a和26 a。     

便携式测汞仪应急监测地表水中的汞

利用RA915+测汞仪应急监测地表水中的汞,通过对方法检出限、相对标准偏差、标准样品和样品加标回收率的测定,结果表明:此方法结果准确、操作简便、检出限低、分析速度快,能满足应急监测的需要,而且仪器体积小、重量轻、便于携带,适宜野外作业。     

环境影响评价公众参与制度比较法研究

当前,环境影响评价的公众参与程序因其独特作用在世界各国日益受到重视.中国于二十世纪九十年代把环评引入了公众参与程序,但时至今日,该程序并未完全发挥预期作用.通过对比以美国为代表的主要发达国家与中国关于环境影响评价制度公众参与程序的立法现状,从公众参与的主体、阶段、对象、方式以及信息公开、司法救济等方面总结当前中国在该程序立法中存在的缺陷,并提出相应的完善建议,以期从法律层面完善中国公众参与环境影响评价机制,最终实现环境正义.     

发达国家环境敏感指数图项目的设计

环境敏感指数图是一种为环境资源管理与事故应急响应服务的重要工具。美国国家海洋和大气局与其他联邦机构合作制定了该项目的标准规范,并成功应用于世界各地相关研究。目前中国尚无类似设计标准,针对此,按环境保护的工作需求,分析了发达国家在该项目领域的数据统计、地理信息系统设计、质量保证工作,为中国相关标准规范的建立,提供基础技术路线切入点。     

环境影响评价中公众参与方案设计研究

针对环境影响评价中公众参与方案设计问题,文中探讨了环境影响评价中的公众参与,是一项社会学的研究内容,它的指导思想也是以社会学为理论基础的,总体设计了参与机制主要考虑有效性、针对性、可行性的特点,它的具体设计包括信息交流与参与方式、参与时间和对象、参与的内容、反馈和监督,通过分析环境影响评价中公众参与的机制,进行了环境影响评价中公众参与的方案设计,为如何提高公众参与的有效性进行了有益的探讨。     

Variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters

Studies have demonstrated that public and private organizations differ in many respects (e.g. funding mechanisms and risk-taking capabilities). Based on this scholarship, we expect to see differences in their disaster preparedness levels. Hence, we propose the following research question: Are there variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters? We answer this question by employing the theories of publicness and social identity. We define publicness through the core approach arguing that public and private organizations are uniquely different based on their legal status or ownership and social identity as an individual’s feeling of oneness or belongingness to a particular group or organization. Using data gathered in 2014 from a nationally representative sample of 1634 public and private employees in the United States, we posit that employees of private organizations will report higher preparedness levels in comparison to employees of public organizations. Our proposition is based on scholarship that found a negative relationship between publicness and organizational identification and a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational performance. Contrary to our proposition, but in line with the disaster literature, the results showed that in general, employees of public organizations reported a higher preparedness level than employees of private organizations.     

Research on three-dimensional visualization system of Natech events triggered domino accidents in oil-gas depots

Natech events and domino accidents happen worldwide and usually lead to severe consequences, especially in hazardous areas such as Oil-Gas depots. With the continuous development of the Oil-Gas industry and information technology, it is essential to realize the three-dimensional management and monitoring of hazardous substances. To evaluate the consequences caused by Natech events triggered domino accidents (accident chain), a matrix loop method was proposed to calculate the probability and evolution path of the accident chain. The actual layout and the real-time data of the Oil-Gas depot are input into the evaluation method in matrices, thus making the results reliable and updated. Besides, a B/S architecture system is developed to present the evaluation consequences of the proposed method. The three-dimensional visualization effects of natural disasters, technological accidents and the dynamic propagation process of the accident chain are also realized in the system to enhance the user's experience. A system application regarding lightning-triggered domino accidents was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and rapidity of the proposed evaluation method and perform the system's operation process and visualization effects. The application results show that the system can provide effective decision-making assistance to safety management workers before the accident and guidance for emergency rescue operations during the accident.