中国能源煤化工基地循环经济发展研究

能源煤化工基地由煤矿开采、燃煤发电、煤化工和建材四大主导产业组成,各个主导产业之间的产品、原料、能量、废弃物在一定程度上可以在行业内部或基地内部循环利用,达到节能、降耗、低碳、绿色的目的。本文构建了能源煤化工基地的循环经济框架,并针对各主导行业提出了发展循环经济的途径。     

Industrial symbiosis contributing to more sustainable energy use - an example from the forest industry in Kymenlaakso, Finland

Industrial symbiosis (IS) studies the physical flows of materials and energy in local industrial systems using a systems approach. In this study the total fuel and energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions are calculated for an ‘industrial park’ operating in the same manner as an IS. Moreover the relevance of industrial symbiosis, particularly one centred on pulp and paper manufacturing, in moving towards more sustainable fuel consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions is discussed. The system is compared to hypothetical stand-alone production. Moreover, possibilities to reduce the energy use and total greenhouse gas emissions of the park are identified.     

浅谈利用水源热泵技术回收钢铁厂循环水余热

钢铁厂存在大量的低热工业循环水,对这部分热能的再利用有利用于节能减排并为企业创造效益,与传统的锅炉供暖相比没有燃烧过程,不排放废气、废水、废渣,符合可持续发展和环保的要求,节能和环境效益十分明显,更具有推广价值.     

Scenario analysis of energy-based low-carbon development in China

China＇s increasing energy consumption and coal-dominant energy structure have contributed not only to severe environmental pollution,but also to global climate change. This article begins with a brief review of China＇s primary energy use and associated environmental problems and health risks. To analyze the potential of China＇s transition to low-carbon development,three scenarios are constructed to simulate energy demand and CO2 emission trends in China up to 2050 by using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System（LEAP） model. Simulation results show that with the assumption of an average annual Gross Domestic Product（GDP） growth rate of 6.45%,total primary energy demand is expected to increase by 63.4%,48.8% and 12.2% under the Business as Usual（BaU）,Carbon Reduction（CR）and Integrated Low Carbon Economy（ILCE） scenarios in 2050 from the 2009 levels. Total energy-related CO2 emissions will increase from 6.7 billion tons in 2009 to 9.5,11,11.6 and11.2 billion tons; 8.2,9.2,9.6 and 9 billion tons; 7.1,7.4,7.2 and 6.4 billion tons in 2020,2030,2040 and 2050 under the BaU,CR and ILCE scenarios,respectively. Total CO2 emission will drop by 19.6% and 42.9% under the CR and ILCE scenarios in 2050,compared with the BaU scenario.To realize a substantial cut in energy consumption and carbon emissions,China needs to make a long-term low-carbon development strategy targeting further improvement of energy efficiency,optimization of energy structure,deployment of clean coal technology and use of market-based economic instruments like energy/carbon taxation.     

浅析汽车节能减排现状

随着我国汽车保有量的迅速增加,汽车增长带来的能源和环保问题日益突出,机动车节能减排是一项长期的、复杂的工作,不仅要从汽车生产技术上进行控制,在政策层面上也需要一系列的措施来进行限制。文章分别介绍了国外和国内的汽车节能减排技术和政策方面的状况。     

锅炉节能节水近零排放成套技术的工程实践

采用锅炉节能节水近零排放成套技术对企业锅炉系统进行改造,保证企业锅炉在零排污工况下的安全、经济运行,降低了企业能源和水资源消耗,减少污染排放,降低企业生产成本,增强企业竞争力,具有安全、节能、节水、减排等特点。实践证明：锅炉吨蒸汽补水量从1．5m^3下降到0．073m^3;吨蒸汽废水排放量从1．4m^3下降到0．004m^3;吨蒸汽耗煤量由168．3kg下降到152．3k;锅水溶解固形物从3000mg／L下降到2100mg／L;碳钢腐蚀率≤0．001mm／a、阻垢率≥99．95％。2台35t／h中压锅炉年可节约费用825．3万元。     

上海市化石燃料排放二氧化碳贡献量的研究

采用ORNL提出的化石燃料燃烧排放二氯化碳的计算方法研究了上海市1994～2005年二氯化碳的排放量。得出上海化石燃料排放的二氯化碳将由1994年的3299．7万t增加到2005年的4493．44万t。同时得出煤炭、石油、天然气排放的二氯化碳比重将分别由1994年的84．03％下降到2005年的72．04％，1994年的15．97％上升到2005年的18．35％、2000年的0.38％上升到2005年的4.1％。     

Effects of sludge characteristics on electrical resistance and energy consumption during electro-dewatering process

The increase of electrical resistance (ER) and energy consumption (EC) during the later stage of dewatering is a major problem hindering the development of electro-dewatering (EDW) technology. As the variations of sludge characteristics are significant during the EDW process, the relationships between sludge characteristics and ER and EC during EDW remain unclear. In this study, the effects of moisture content (MC), thickness, pH, conductivity, zeta potential, temperature, and gas volume on the ER and EC during the EDW process were statistically investigated using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Herein, the results showed that the ER of the sludge near the anode was primarily affected by pH, whereas the sludge near the cathode was primarily affected by the MC and conductivity. Further, sludge temperature and conductivity were the most reliable indicators to predict the EC near the anode and cathode, respectively. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance useful for solving the increase of ER and EC during the later stage of the EDW process.     

DO对水解酸化池与好氧MBR组合工艺运行效果的影响研究

针对溶解氧（DO）、气水比对水解酸化池与好氧MBR组合工艺处理污水效果的影响和能耗问题．从气水比对DO的影响,DO对COD与色度去除效果的影响等方面来讨论气水比,溶解氧以及污水处理效果之间的最佳运行点。试验结果表明。在P（MLSS）分别为5．81、4．25、2．19g／L的运行条件下,MBR的最佳气水比为39：1、28．1.18：1;DO变化速率随污泥浓度的下降而升高;DO的变化对COD、色度的去除效果影响并不显著。