秦皇岛市空气质量分析与改善对策

秦皇岛市从1998年5月29日至1999年2月25日空气污染指数平均为84.92,首要污染物是总悬浮微粒(TSP),空气质量Ⅱ级,属良好范围,在北方城市中仅次于大连和烟台。影响秦皇岛市空气质量的不利因素有煤炭运输规模大、建筑工地及城市卫生管理不严、绿地分布不合理、集中供热规模偏小等。为此,应继续治理煤尘,实行热电连产,改进绿化,加强管理。     

现代铝业生态环境系统研究

资源和环境问题是我国面临的严重的生态安全和环境安全问题,也是制约我国工业可持续发展的战略问题。生态铝业是与环境协调发展的环境友好的工业体系,它有效地解决了传统铝业发展和生态环境保护之间的矛盾。传统铝业耗电量大、污染严重、生产成本高;现代铝业属于生态工业,它以循环经济为指导,推行清洁生产,发展热电联产,促进污染物的资源化,减少废弃物的排放,降低了铝业生产的物耗、能耗和生产成本,增加了市场竞争力,形成整个工业系统的良性循环。笔者提出了现代铝业生态系统的框架,并简单介绍了主要子系统的清洁生产途径。以期抛砖引玉,促进现代铝业生态环境系统的研究,推动生态铝业在我国的实践和发展。     

Evaluation of energy policy in Cuba using ISED

This article discusses the development of Cuba's energy sector in the last half century, especially the last 25 years, emphasizing social, economic, environmental and institutional aspects. Energy use is evaluated with the indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED) developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and applied by the authors, based on data series from Cuba's National Office of Statistics. Cuba's economy and energy sector have undergone important changes, particularly in the 1990s during the crisis that resulted from the termination of the country's special trade relations with former socialist countries. Based on an analysis of Cuba's economy and energy situation, a number of policies were selected for evaluation, including those aimed to reduce energy import dependence, increase the share of renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency. The effects of these policies are evaluated in view of sustainable energy development. The article concludes with an evaluation of recent progress towards sustainable energy development in Cuba, and outlines future options for the country.     

提速货车钩尾框安全使用寿命的估算方法

提出一种估算提速货车钩尾框安全使用寿命的方法。该方法基于损伤容限设计思想 ,通过子模型有限元技术和虚拟裂纹扩展方法 ,仿真应力集中区的裂纹及其扩展 ,应用能量释放率理论计算裂纹前沿的应力强度因子 ,由Paris公式估算在实测载荷谱下钩尾框的裂纹扩展寿命。估算结果与统计的使用寿命有较好的一致性     

超滤膜技术在21世纪水处理领域的展望

本文介绍了半死端超滤膜技术的典型设备和运行工艺及其优化。并且介绍了在世界范围内此项技术在地下水,地表水等常规水源处理以及海水和污水回用等非常规水源方面的应用。     

Citizen or consumer? Reconsidering energy citizenship

ABSTRACT

The transition to more sustainable energy systems has set about redefining the social roles and responsibilities of citizens. Implicit in this are expectations around participation, though the precise contours of what this might mean remain open. Debates around the energy transition have been skewed towards a normative construct of what it means to be a ‘good citizen’, the parameters for which are shaped by predetermined visions of statist and/or market-driven determinations of the energy systems of the future. This article argues that concepts such as ‘energy citizen’ are co-opted to reflect popular neoliberal discourses, and ignore crucial questions of unequal agency and access to resources. Paradoxically, official discourses that push responsibility for the energy transition onto the ‘citizen-as-consumer’ effectively remove agency from citizens, leaving them largely disconnected and disempowered. Consequently, energy citizenship needs to be reconceptualised to incorporate more collective and inclusive contexts for action. Considering how much energy consumption occurs in (traditionally female) domestic spheres, do conventional notions of citizenship (especially with regards to its associated rights and duties) need to be recalibrated in order for the concept to be usefully applied to the energy transition?     

浅淡ISO14001国际标准与国内环境管理制度的结合问题

本文介绍了秦皇岛经济技术开发区实施ISO14001环境管理体系认证,推动开发区经济与环境保护协调发展的一些做法和体会,并研究了实施ISO14001国际标准与遵守我国的环境保护法律、法规、标准和环境管理制度相结合的问题,通过ISO14001标准的实施,解决环境与经济功、调发展的问题。     

上海地区开发利用木本能源植物初探

阐述了能源植物的概念、开发利用能源植物的意义，以及能源植物的发展现状和趋势。重点论述了上海地区开发利用木本能源植物的必要性、可行性，并就如何开发利用木本能源植物提出了相关建议。     

酸雨的危害及防治措施

酸雨已被公认为全球性的重大环境问题之一，文中对酸雨的定义及形成的原因进行了分析，以实例详细论述了酸雨的危害性，提出探讨性的防治措施。