钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱尺寸效应研究

现行钢筋混凝土结构设计方法是基于小尺寸构件的试验研究建立起来的,大尺寸构件的设计的科学性和合理性有待进一步研究.本文制作2组4根钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱,偏心距为0.6h0,试件的截面几何尺寸分别为200 mm×200 mm、400 mm × 400 mm.研究相同偏心距下,不同尺寸的钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱的破坏特征,极...     

红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...     

复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐润湿煤尘性能研究*

为有效提高雾化降尘效率,以长焰煤为例,从接触角、表面张力静态试验和粒径测定、喷雾降尘动态试验角度切入,探究不同类型表面活性剂与无机盐的协同关系,进而优选出降尘效果最佳的配比方案。研究结果表明:阴与阴、阴与非、非与非离子复配型表面活性剂与无机盐之间均存在显著协同效应,且通过正交试验可确定协同效果最优的3组配方及其最佳浓度;对比清水,3组配方的平均粒径均有所减小,降尘效率均有大幅提升。综合优选出的最佳配比为质量分数0.08%的仲烷基磺酸钠、0.04%的曲拉通X-100和0.04%的氯化钙复合配制的溶液,该方案的全尘降尘效率为92.55%,比清水提升79.95%;呼尘降尘效率为91.27%,比清水提升82.36%。     

南通市任港河底泥重金属污染的磁学诊断

以江苏省南通市任港河底泥柱样为研究对象,在系统的环境磁学、粒度、重金属及总有机碳含量分析的基础上,探讨了沉积物重金属污染的环境磁学诊断的可行性.结果表明,表层12cm以上样品中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni含量超出江苏省土壤背景值,剔除粒度影响后,重金属含量"上高下低"的特征仍很明显.该底泥柱样沉积物的磁性特征为亚铁磁性矿物所主导,亚铁磁性矿物含量在表层12cm以上沉积物要高于下部沉积物,其含量在沉积物上部的升高受到污染的影响.磁化率(χ)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)和非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χARM)与Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni含量有显著的正相关关系(r≥0.74,p<0.01,n=54),可用于定性评价任港河底泥的重金属污染程度.但因受到磁性矿物的来源和成岩作用等因素影响,表层沉积物亚铁磁性矿物与重金属含量升高不尽一致,利用磁性参数定量诊断重金属含量仍需慎重.     

Impacts of continuously regenerating trap and particle oxidation catalyst on the NO2 and particulate matter emissions emitted from diesel engine

Two continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) with different configurations and one particles oxidation catalyst (POC) were employed to perform experiments in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate their effects on NO₂, smoke and particle number emissions. The results showed that the application of the after-treatments increased the emission ratios of NO₂/NO_x significantly. The results of smoke emissions and particle number (PN) emissions indicated that both CRDPFs had sufficient capacity to remove more than 90% of total particulate matter (PM) and more than 97% of solid particles. However, the POC was able to remove the organic components of total PM, and only partially to remove the carbonaceous particles with size less than 30 nm. The negligible effects of POC on larger particles were observed due to its honeycomb structure leads to an inadequate residence time to oxidize the solid particles or trap them. The particles removal efficiencies of CRDPFs had high degree of correlations with the emission ratio of NO₂/NO_x. The PN emission results from two CRDPFs indicated that more NO₂ generating in diesel oxidation catalyst section could obtain the higher removal efficiency of solid particles. However this also increased the risk of NO₂ exposure in atmosphere.     

RESEARCH ON INTEGRATED MBR SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS EFFECT ON FILTRATION PERFORMANCE

研究了一体式MBR长期不排泥运行的污泥特性变化,考察了水力停留时间、曝气量等因素对污泥增长特性、污泥颗粒粒径分布及膜过滤性能的影响,并探讨了这些因素之间的关系。结果表明：水力停留时间越短,MLSS与MLVSS增加越快,膜污染加速,膜过滤阻力增加越快,但MBR中污泥浓度的增长、变化对出水COD的影响不明显;污泥平均粒径随SRT的延长而减小,实验结束污泥粒径最小值为0.6μm大于实验用膜的孔径0.2μm,表明混合液中的微细颗粒污泥未对膜通量的下降起决定性作用,膜表面污泥的沉积对膜通量影响更大一些,增加曝气强度可以明显改善MBR的过滤性能。     

SO_3烟气调质对粉尘导电性能的改善机制

以塔山电厂SO3烟气调质运行实测数据为基础条件,通过分析SO3烟气调质后的除尘效率与飞灰比电阻、飞灰粒径、飞灰含湿量等理化性质,揭示SO3烟气调质对燃用高灰分劣质煤电厂除尘性能改善机制。为期一年测试结果表明:调质后比电阻降低3个数量级,2μm以下粒径粉尘比例提高了近6%,含湿量提高14%,从而提高表面导电机制,改善电除尘器电气参数,使电除尘效率由原来98.82%稳定提高至99.91%。     

Work hardening and mechanical properties of severely deformed AA3003 by constrained groove pressing

A severe plastic straining method, called constrained groove pressing, is used to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of non-hardenable 3003 Al-Mn alloy. Williamson-Hall method is utilized to measure the grain size from X-ray diffraction patterns of deformed samples. The results show that ultra-fine grained 3003 alloy having grain size of 580 nm can be successfully produced by constrained groove pressing at room temperature. Mechanical properties of sheets, examined by tensile test, are approximately exhibited 170% improvement in comparison with those of annealed sample. Also, comparing the achieved results with those of aluminum 1100 alloy confirms the rapid rate of grain refinement and mechanical properties improvement in 3003 alloy. This is attributed to the presence of fine dispersoids of Al₆Mn in microstructure of the alloy. Tensile tests demonstrate that the work hardening rate of constrained groove pressed sheet is increased in comparison with that of annealed samples. Investigating of the work hardening by a model reveals why improvement stops after third pass and also work hardening rate diagrams show that only one stage of work hardening is detectable for the sheet after three passes of constrained groove pressing, while in lower pass numbers, more work hardening stages can be observed.     

两种土壤粒径分形模型的对比研究

本文从两种土壤粒径分布分形模型的推导入手,分析得出的土颗粒质量-粒径分布分形模型(模型二)仅是在土颗粒密度相同的假定条件下对土颗粒数量-粒径分布分形模型(模型一)的近似替代,并以某滑坡滑带土为例,分别运用这两种模型对该滑带土样进行粒度分形特征的试验研究,结果表明:由模型二计算的粒径分布分维数和相关系数均比模型一的小,其误差产生的原因是土颗粒密度由于矿物成分的不同而存在差异;但是模型二的计算结果可以较好地反映试样的分形特征,其原因是各粒组的各种矿物的相对含量相差不大,土颗粒的平均密度近似相等,假定条件适应性较好。     

机动车制动磨损颗粒物及挥发性有机物的组分特征

利用制动惯性实验台测试了6套制动系统,分别采集了制动磨损颗粒物（BWPs）和制动过程中排放的挥发性有机物（VOCs）样品,提取并检测了颗粒物中39种元素、12种水溶性离子、7种碳组分和18种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量,分析了气体样品中74种VOCs的浓度.含量较高的12种无机元素（即Sb、Mg、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ca、Si、Zr、K、Ba、Al和Fe）在PM_2.5和PM₁₀中的质量分数平均值分别为43.4%和40.3%,其中Fe的质量分数最高,在PM_2.5和PM₁₀中分别为16.6%和13.1%.元素的粒径分布与BWPs质量分布一致.12种水溶性离子在PM_2.5和PM₁₀中的质量分数平均值分别为16.5%和12.6%,其中NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺的质量分数平均值较高.总碳（TC）在PM_2.5和PM₁₀中的质量分数平均值分别为21.9%和18.1%,有机碳（OC）的质量分数平均值是元素碳（EC）的5倍左右.检出率大于50%的PAHs共有6种,其中萘（Nap）含量最为丰富.74种VOCs的浓度平均值为316.04 μg ·m^-3,其中芳香烃的浓度最高.6套制动系统排放的BWPs组分和VOCs构成的差异较大,主要是由刹车片的品牌和制造使用的材料决定的.