Fluctuating asymmetry and sperm transfer in male decorated field crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus)

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in limb size in female decorated field crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) was associated with a reduction in the size of the spermatophore and the amount of sperm transferred by males and an increase in the time taken to transfer a spermatophore following introduction of a female. There was a weaker negative relationship between limb asymmetry in males and sperm number but no significant relationship between asymmetry in either sex and spermatophylax size. In line with a previous study, female size did not appear to influence spermatophore production or mating decisions by males. The results imply that developmental instability affects both gamete production and mating decisions among males, although the relationships between spermatophore size, sperm number and asymmetry in females are unlikely to be the result of males perceiving differences in female FA. Received: 24 July 1999 / Received in revised form: 22 November 1999 / Accepted: 31 December 1999     

不同演替阶段中黧蒴栲种群的大小结构与分布格局

在中亚热带常绿阔叶林,有代表性地选择三个黧蒴栲群落类型,即黧蒴栲纯林（常绿阔叶林皆伐地自然演替而成的黧蒴栲纯林,用生长锥对优势木进行随机抽查得其最大年龄为１３ａ）、以黧蒴栲为优势种的混交林（经优势木随机抽测其最大年龄为２４ａ）和黧蒴栲已不成为优势种的混交林（实为天然次生林,优势木随机抽测最大年龄为５３ａ）。测定分析结果表明,黧蒴栲群落在自然演替的前期即幼林阶段的种群大小级结构呈典型的三角状增长型;     

长江河口上边界床沙粒径的长期变化及其原因

大通水文站和泥沙观测断面位于长江河口的上边界。长江下游从大通（潮区界）至长江口门的距离长达680 km。20世纪80年代以来,长江流域日趋强烈的人类活动,显著改变了长江入海水文和泥沙数量和特性,从而对长江下游至河口动力地貌和动力沉积产生了显著影响。主要研究长江潮区界大通断面20世纪50年代以来床沙粒径的长期变化。1977~2004年床沙粒径 (〖WTBX〗d〖WTBZ〗50) 有一稳定增大的趋势,这主要是对上游河道悬沙来量持续减少的响应。值得注意的是床沙粗化过程是发生在该河床长期加积的背景上的。研究表明：导致床沙粒径粗化的原因,主要是上游河段进入本河段床沙粒径的增加和本河段冲淤过程中悬沙与床沙颗粒的交换。随着三峡水库的正常运行和其它大型水库的建设,预计未来几十年长江上游悬沙来量将进一步大幅度下降,可以预计,长江潮区界河段的床沙粒径将继续呈现增大的趋势。〖     

气溶胶灭火剂燃速影响因素的研究

针对同一配方的不同条件下的灭火剂,从灭火剂的初温、药柱密度、原料粒度等方面入手,考察了不同因素对灭火剂燃速的影响,总结出各个因素对灭火剂燃烧速度的影响规律.     

Sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on the performance of the wastewater treatment process

To reduce excess sludge, a Tubificidae reactor was combined with an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC), and a new integrated system was developed for wastewater treatment. A pilot-scale of this integrated system was tested to investigate the sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on effluent quality and sludge production. The dominant worm was Branchnria Sowerbyi in the Tubificidae reactor after inoculation of Branchnria Sowerbyi and Limnodrilns sp., and the maximal volume density of wet Tubificidae in vessels of the Tubificidae reactor was 17600 g/m3. Two operational modes, treating the excess sludge (first mode) and the returned sludge (second mode) of IODVC by the Tubificidae reactor, were used in this experiment. The results showed that the excess sludge reduction rate was 46.4% in the first mode, and the average sludge yield of the integrated system was 6.19×10-5 kg SS/kg COD in the second mode. Though the sludge returned to IODVC via the Tubificidae reactor, it had little impact on the effluent quality and the sludge characteristics of the IODVC. No new type of recalcitrant substance in the supernatant was discharged into the environment when the sludge was treated by Tubificidae. The experimental results also indicated that no significant changes occurred on the viscosity, specific resistance, and the floc size distribution of the sludge.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

Di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid-coconut oil supported liquid membrane for the separation of copper ions from copper plating wastewater

Permeation of Cu(II) from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu(II), pH (in feed), H2SO4 (stripping) and D2EHPA (in membrane) concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconutoil has also been evaluated. High Cu(II) concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10-9 to 8.9 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s) within the Cu(II) concentration range 7.8×10-4-78.6×10-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s). The optimum conditions for Cu(II) transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA (membrane) in 0.5 (m pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. It has been observed that Cu(II) flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu(II). rane. It     

宣城向阳剖面网纹红土粒度端元分析及指示意义

对宣城向阳剖面的109个网纹红土样本做粒度分析和地球化学元素分析,并对粒度数据采用合适的端元分解方法,将各端元与地球化学指标在深度上进行了对比.结果 认为:端元法可以把代表此区域3种不同动力的沉积端元(EM)分离出来,并可以定量地分析各自所占比重及各个阶段每种动力各自的沉积变化.EM1明显指示着对原有沉积物的成壤改造作...     

生物柴油发动机颗粒排放物粒径及其分布试验研究

为获取燃用不同比例生物柴油的发动机排放颗粒物粒径及其分布特性,对1台增压直喷式车用柴油机进行了台架测试.用80 L/min定量泵和装有直径90 mm的玻纤滤膜采样器在排气管内采样10 min,用激光粒度仪测量与分析颗粒粒径和分布.结果表明,随着发动机转速提高,排放颗粒粒径变小且分布更集中.干法众数对应的粒径级较大（约10～12 μm）且较集中,湿法众数的较小（约4～10 μm）且分散.用干法分析,发动机低速时,B100的Sauter平均直径d₃₂最大,纯柴油最小,而B20的结果介于二者之间.而高速时B20的粒径最大,纯柴油次之,B100最小.中数粒径d(0.5)的结果也反映这一趋势.用湿法分析,除了2?000 r/min点外, B20的d₃₂最大,B100次之,柴油最小.湿法众数比干法分散,因而d₃₂也较大.