湿式除尘脱硫装置的循环喷淋洗涤液PH值的控制

介绍湿工脱硫使用的几种硫剂的净化原理及脱硫剂制备和吸收液的ＰＨ值控制值,采用ＮａＯＨ－Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２作为脱硫吸收液在研制高效导旋除尘脱硫净化的实际运行情况,对湿式脱硫吸收液ＰＨ值控制具有借鉴作用。     

Long term changes in atmospheric N and S throughfall deposition and effects on soil solution chemistry in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands

In a Scots pine forest the throughfall deposition and the chemical composition of the soil solution was monitored since 1984. (Inter)national legislation measures led to a reduction of the deposition of nitrogen and sulphur. The deposition of sulphur has decreased by approximately 65%. The total mineral-nitrogen deposition has decreased by ca. 25%, which is mainly due to a reduction in ammonium-N deposition (−40%), since nitrate-N deposition has increased (+50%). The nitrogen concentration in the upper mineral soil solution at 10 cm depth has decreased, leading to an improved nutritional balance, which may result in improved tree vitality. In the drainage water at 90 cm depth the fluxes of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ have decreased, resulting in a reduced leeching of accompanying base cations, thus preserving nutrients in the ecosystem. It may take still several years, however, before this will meet the prerequisite of a sustainable ecosystem.     

总磷测定中两种稀释方法的对照

在过硫酸钾消解－钼蓝比色法测定总磷中，当显色液吸光值超出校准曲线范围时，进行了显色液稀释后再行测定的试验，试验结果与水样稀释重新消解[测定所得结果作统计检验，两者间无显著性差异，稀释倍数最大不宜超过4倍。     

基于粗糙集理想解高陡边坡稳定性模糊评价

为评价山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性,保障道路行车安全,基于代数表示的粗糙集理论和条件信息熵表示的粗糙集理论,结合理想解的思想重新定义各属性重要度的确定方式,提出新的适用于山区高陡边坡的权重确定方法,并建立高陡边坡稳定性评价体系,基于模糊理论以某高速公路高陡边坡工程为研究背景,建立山区高陡边坡模糊稳定性评价模型,对边坡稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明：隶属度最大值为0.397,对应边坡稳定状态为“极不稳定”,与实际情况基本一致,验证该权重方法客观、准确,为更好评判山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性提出新的方法。     

不同施肥措施对棉田土壤磷细菌及磷转化强度的影响

研究了不同施肥措施对棉田土壤磷细菌的数量、分布、动态变化及磷转化强度的影响.结果表明,有机肥合理配施N、P、K肥能有效的促进磷细菌的生长发育,磷细菌数量及活性增加,从而增强磷的有效性,改善土壤的供磷性能,有利于棉花生长.     

Elimination of Methanol and Ethanol by Biofiltration: An Experimental Study

This study presents the experimental results obtained during long-term operation of two biofilters treating two alcohols: methanol and ethanol. The biofilters used for this purpose were previously packed with a compost material made from tobacco processing residues. The alcohols concentrations tested lay between 0.40 and 3.20 g/m³ for methanol, and 0.55 and 5.05 g/m³ for ethanol. The empty bed residence time in each biofilter was 60 s. Biofilter inlet loads of less than 190 and 300 g/m³/h for the methanol and ethanol additions respectively, were thereafter evaluated. In addition, the concentrations of nutrient nitrogen were also varied, from 0.1 to 2.0 g-N/l and from 0.3 to 11.3 g-N/l for the ethanol and the methanol, respectively. The results thus obtained have made it possible to select the optimal nitrogen concentrations which, for the cases examined, turn out to be 0.3 g-N/l and between 2 and 3.8 g-N/l for the ethanol and methanol substrates, respectively. The maximum elimination capacities obtained in this study were 82 and 150 g/m³/h, respectively for the methanol and ethanol cases. It was therefore concluded that, for a readily biodegradable compound such as ethanol, the nitrogen requirement is substantially lower than that needed for the methanol degradation, the latter appearing to be more difficult to degrade biologically under similar operating conditions. The production rate of the co-product carbon dioxide during methanol and ethanol biofiltration was also investigated. Also, a good correlation was found to exist between the temperature and the conversion achieved in the biofilter.     

PARTIAL AREA HYDROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: According to a concept known as partial area hydrology, watershed areas are separated into hydrologically active and passive subareas. The literature relating to the development of the partial area concept is reviewed briefly and the relationship of partial area hydrology to geology, soils, and micrometeorology is illustrated. The potential application of partial area hydrology is discussed with respect to present hydrologic techniques, future hydrologic models, urban hydrology, water quality, and water management. Suggestions for identifying and delineating the contributing areas are discussed.     

高矿化度油田采出水危害性分析

长庆油田学一联合站油田采出水经三级处理后,出水水质达到低渗透、特低渗透油田回注指标,但不久水质变浑浊,并伴有大量的红棕色沉淀物生成。取样分析,红棕色沉淀物为氢氧化铁,水中pH值为6.0～6.5,铁含量在50～100mg/L。文章针对含铁量过高为主的高矿化度油田采出水可能带来的危害进行分析,并提出解决方法。     

模拟酸雨对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的影响及机理

通过恒温恒湿连续培养的方法,研究了外源酸雨对土壤pH值、酸性磷酸酶活性的影响,同时运用紫外差光谱和荧光光谱对其机理进行了探讨.结果表明,酸雨通过改变土壤pH值而影响酶活性,pH6.66的近中性土壤酶活性呈现激活-抑制的变化过程;而pH4.61的酸性土壤酶活性持续下降.溶液构象研究表明,pH值是通过改变酶的肽链构象、氨基酸残基微环境而影响其活性的.     

非均性多孔介质中生物炭胶体的迁移行为研究

生物炭颗粒在多孔介质中的迁移行为不仅决定了其在环境中的归趋,也极大地影响了被吸附污染物的环境行为.以往的研究主要集中在生物炭胶体在均性多孔介质中的迁移行为,但实际环境介质通常是非均性的,目前对生物炭胶体在非均性多孔介质中的迁移行为知之甚少.本研究采用两种不同粒径的石英砂构建了上下两层非均性填充柱（上层细颗粒,下层粗颗粒）,研究了生物炭胶体在非均性多孔介质中的迁移和截留行为,考察了溶液离子强度和pH对生物炭胶体迁移能力的影响.研究结果表明在非均性多孔介质中,生物炭胶体具有很高的迁移能力,在离子强度为1~50 mmol·L^-1,pH为4.0~11.0条件下,生物炭胶体的迁移率达40.2%~88.0%.非均性介质中生物炭胶体的截留曲线表现为非单调型曲线,截留量峰值往往出现在细-粗石英砂的交界面处（细石英砂侧）,这与非均性介质中显著的电荷异质性、介质尺寸异质性和迁移过程中传质通量异质性有关.生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留量显著大于其在下层粗石英砂中的截留量,表明上层细石英砂是影响生物炭胶体迁移行为的关键层.随着溶液离子强度增加,生物炭胶体自团聚作用增强,其与石英砂介质间界面作用能垒降低,因而生物炭胶体的迁移能力减弱.由于生物炭胶体与细石英砂间的物理张力作用趋于显著,增加离子强度提高了生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留比率.中性和碱性条件下生物炭胶体的迁移能力较强,而在酸性条件下,生物炭胶体表面电负性显著降低,团聚体粒径增大,生物炭胶体的迁移能力较弱.降低溶液pH增加了生物炭胶体在上层细石英砂中的截留比率.本研究的结果将有利于人们更好地了解生物炭胶体在复杂多孔介质中的迁移行为,为全面评估生物炭的潜在环境风险提供理论支持.