UV/Fenton光解处理含三唑磷废水的研究

采用类UV／Fenton法对模拟三唑磷废水进行处理。在模拟废水中人工投加H2O2和Fe^3＋试剂能产生类Fenton试剂，类Fenton试剂在光照条件过程中可以产生大量活性羟基．OH，能够很好地氧化降解废水中的有机化合物。本方法可以有效的处理低浓度的含三唑磷的废水，提供三唑磷农药水样的UV／Fenton催化氧化过程的一级动力学方程。     

Work domain analysis for air traffic controller weather displays

INTRODUCTION: Adverse weather conditions have a major impact on National Airspace System (NAS) operations. They create safety hazards for pilots, constrain the usable airspace for air traffic control (ATC), and reduce the overall capacity of the NAS. A system-wide dissemination of weather information to controllers could theoretically improve safety and efficiency. PROBLEM: However, it is currently unclear what weather information would be beneficial for tactical operations. Furthermore, no previous research has empirically evaluated optimal presentation designs for ATC weather displays. Ill-designed weather displays can cause safety hazards by presenting redundant information (i.e., by increasing the cognitive load) and display clutter (e.g., by interfering with the visual extraction of traffic data). METHOD: In the present paper, we outline our use of cognitive work analysis (CWA) techniques for the assessment of weather information needs for terminal controllers. RESULTS: Specifically, we describe how the CWA modeling tools helped us reveal instances in the terminal domain where weather information is lacking or insufficiently disseminated. We used our CWA results to drive the development of weather display concepts and to set up a high-fidelity simulation capability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By means of high-fidelity simulations, we can empirically evaluate controller weather information needs in order to propose weather displays for increased aircraft safety and efficiency of terminal operations.     

Increasing the efficiency of solute leaching: impacts of flow interruption with drainage of the “preferential flow paths”

Most soils contain preferential flow paths that can impact on solute mobility. Solutes can move rapidly down the preferential flow paths with high pore-water velocities, but can be held in the less permeable region of the soil matrix with low pore-water velocities, thereby reducing the efficiency of leaching. In this study, we conducted leaching experiments with interruption of the flow and drainage of the main flow paths to assess the efficiency of this type of leaching. We compared our experimental results to a simple analytical model, which predicts the influence of the variations in concentration gradients within a single spherical aggregate (SSA) surrounded by preferential flow paths on leaching. We used large (length: 300 mm, diameter: 216 mm) undisturbed field soil cores from two contrasting soil types. To carry out intermittent leaching experiments, the field soil cores were first saturated with tracer solution (CaBr₂), and background solution (CaCl₂) was applied to mimic a leaching event. The cores were then drained at 25- to 30-cm suction to empty the main flow paths to mimic a dry period during which solutes could redistribute within the undrained region. We also conducted continuous leaching experiments to assess the impact of the dry periods on the efficiency of leaching. The flow interruptions with drainage enhanced leaching by 10–20% for our soils, which was consistent with the model's prediction, given an optimised “equivalent aggregate radius” for each soil. This parameter quantifies the time scales that characterise diffusion within the undrained region of the soil, and allows us to calculate the duration of the leaching events and interruption periods that would lead to more efficient leaching. Application of these methodologies will aid development of strategies for improving management of chemicals in soils, needed in managing salts in soils, in improving fertiliser efficiency, and in reclaiming contaminated soils.     

Engineering line diagram development from process flowsheets: Part 1: Shortfalls in current practice

Engineering line diagram (ELD) development forms a distinct phase in process plant design. It is a complex and expensive activity and as such warrants considerable effort to minimise costs and maximise effectiveness. In this paper, the nature of the ELD design task is analysed in order to understand how it could be carried out more effectively. A number of shortfalls in current practice are discussed. These shortfalls were identified through a combination of the following activities: a review of the literature; a survey of current practice and follow-up line diagram development exercise; and task analysis work carried out at ICI. The most significant findings of the survey of current practice are presented. It is proposed that the shortfalls identified can be overcome by introducing structure to the design task. The manner in which this can be achieved is the subject of the second part of this paper.     

关于安全工程学研究的几个问题

阐述安全工程学的基本内容和“安全第一 ,预防为主”的方针。针对当前企业安全生产所面临的道德、心理、安全系统、责任制、监督监察及培训教育等问题 ,探讨了安全工程学与法学、经济学的关系 ,阐明了笔者的观点和研究的思路。     

高压淹没非自由射流压力场的数值解法

对有限空间中的淹没非自由射流流压力场的数值解法进行了较为详细的研究和分析 ,并建立了相应的流场力学模型和压力解的第二类边界条件 ,给出了流场的矩形网格几何和边界标记。文中指出 ,精确的压力解只能从泊松形式的压力方程得到 ,且与边界相邻的点和内点应分别采用不同的方程进行求解     

应用化学质量平衡模型解析烟台市污染源的排放贡献率

根据烟台地区污染排放特点,应用化学质量平衡模型（CMB8）进行污染源解析分析,得出每个污染源对于受体地区颗粒物体样本的排放贡献率。最终的模型结果显示,建筑尘和居民烯煤锅炉排放,海洋尘和冶炼厂排放对于大气环境污染也有一定的贡献,以上分析可以为城市污染源治理提供一定的依据。     

双氧水生产废水的治理工程实例

对蒽醌法双氧水生产的废水的性质作了简要介绍,针对该类污染物提出了隔油+气浮+催化氧化+生物碳塔为核心的治理工艺。着重介绍了该工程的实际运行情况及运行中遇到的问题,并加以分析。     

SCI收录的环境工程期刊概况分析

为了给环境工程的科研工作者检索文献和投稿时选择期刊提供参考,介绍了环境工程期刊被SCI数据库的收录情况。汇总介绍了SCI—E收录的42种环境工程期刊的刊名、国际标准连续出版物编号（ISSN）、出版国／地和最新影响因子,同时详细介绍了其中SCI收录的19种环境工程期刊的出版周期、出版者、联系地址、期刊资源描述等有关的期刊信息。通过对期刊相关信息的描述,以期为环境工程相应学科的科研工作者提供帮助。     

人工湿地基质对混合溶液中有机化合物的等温吸附行为

为了给工程实际应用提供科学依据,文章以煤渣、页岩陶粒、砾石、砂子为吸附剂,以苯、1,4-二氯苯、硝基苯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种有机化合物为吸附质,考察了人工湿地基质对混合溶液中有机化合物的等温吸附行为。结果表明,供试基质对目标有机化合物的吸附等温线均属于Langmuir型;Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程能够更好地拟合实验结果;Langmuir方程的不同线性变换在数据拟合时表现出很大的差异性;供试基质对有机化合物的吸附具有明显的选择性,最好用混合基质来构建以去除有机化合物为目的的人工湿地。