Quantitative analysis of microplastics in coastal tidal-flat reclamation in Dongtai,China

• Reclamation projects are important disturbances on microplastic risk in coasts. • Tidal-flat reclamation area is a large storage medium for sedimentary microplastics. • Aging and distribution features of soil microplastics show spatial heterogeneity. • Coastal weathered engineering geotextiles are a significant threat to marine health. Coastal tidal flats have received considerable attention in recent years, as they provide a direct channel for the discharge of terrestrial microplastics into the ocean. Land reclamation is occurring increasingly frequently in coastal tidal-flats; however, the environmental impacts of these activities remain unclear. Therefore, this pioneering study assessed the microplastic emission characteristics of reclamation geotextiles and performed a risk assessment accordingly. Morphological characterization of geotextile samples collected from five sites in Dongtai, China, provided evidence of sedimentary weathering. Based on several assumptions, the average abundance of microplastics in soil covered by geotextiles was estimated to reach 349±137 particles/kg dry weight, with the total microplastic load in the reclaimed area estimated to be 20.67±8.06 t. Compared with previous studies, this research demonstrates that coastal reclamation areas store a high concentration of microplastics, aggravating marine microplastic pollution. Moreover, conditional fragmentation model results revealed that the weathering and distribution characteristics of soil microplastics in coastal tidal-flat areas exhibit spatial heterogeneity, being more easily affected by natural factors (such as tides) than those in inland areas. As a result of tides, the annual discharge of geotextile-originating microplastics from the studied areas into the ocean was approximately 2465.52±960.77 t. These findings prove that the risks posed by engineering-microplastics are significant, indicating that further investigations are required on the precise laws of transfer and migration, as well as the toxicity mechanisms, in order to improve analytical techniques and policies in this field.     

寻求解决乌鲁木齐市空气污染的途径

针对乌鲁木齐市最突出的环境问题——冬季采暖期空气污染,从主客观二方面进行了原因分析,并结合“十一五”和2020年环境保护目标,从7个方面分析论述了解决乌鲁木齐市空气污染的途径,使多年困扰乌鲁木齐市的空气污染问题有望从根本上得到解决。     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

溶液环境对荷电超滤膜和传统中性超滤膜去除天然有机物的影响

以Aldrich 腐殖酸溶液为水样,研究比较了溶液环境(pH值、离子强度和钙离子)对荷电改性再生纤维素超滤膜和传统中性未改性再生纤维素超滤膜过滤过程的影响.结果表明, ①pH值主要通过质子化作用影响荷电膜以及腐殖酸分子的荷电量,进而影响荷电超滤过程.溶液pH值从7.5下降到3.5时,荷电超滤膜对腐殖酸的截留率从92%减少到79%,超滤4 h时,膜通量下降从26%增加到36%.②离子强度的改变是通过影响腐殖酸分子的物化性质和静电屏蔽作用来影响超滤过程的.当溶液离子强度为0、 3和100 mmol/L时,初始截留率依次降低,分别为92%、 87%和48%,超滤4 h时,荷电超滤膜的通量下降依次增加,分别为26%、 35%和63%.③Ca2+浓度的影响,需要综合考虑静电屏蔽作用、Ca2+的架桥作用以及滤饼层的压实性等各方面的影响.④pH值、离子强度和钙离子对中性超滤膜过滤行为的影响趋势与荷电超滤膜相似,但其影响程度有着较大的差别.研究结果对荷电超滤膜技术在实际应用中选择合适环境条件提供了参考.     

土壤与酸性含氟溶液相互作用特征及机理研究

通过反复多次提取实验方法模拟了酸性含氟溶液与红壤和赤红壤相互作用过程。结果表明：在相互作用过程中，土壤中氟含量不同对土壤溶液pH有明显不同的影响。当氟含量较低时氟离子对土壤溶液pH的影响不明显；当浓度较高时则可大大提高土壤溶液的pH，缓冲土壤酸化。在第一次提取中因氟的大量吸附可减少溶液中铝的浓度，且氟含量越高铝浓度越少量越大。随提取次数增加土壤溶液中铝、氟浓度同时增加，且氟含量越高铝浓度越大，其中氟以AI－F络合物为主。     

一株处理含对苯二甲酸废水的工程菌的构建

采用染色体ＤＮＡ转化原生质球的方法，构建一株处理含ＰＴＡ废水的工程菌ＬＥＹ３。ＬＥＹ３能同时降解６种化合物：ＰＴＡ，萘，苯甲酸，十六烷，乙二醇，甲醇。用ＬＥＹ３对含ＰＴＡ生产废水作降解试验，ＣＯＤ的去除率在６６％￣９１％之间。     

几种化学浸提剂对底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提效果的比较

采用微生态系统生物长期暴露试验,比较５种化学浸提剂对底泥重金属生物有部分的浸提效果。结果表明,０．００５ｍｏｌ／ＬＤＴＰＡ＋０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＴＥＡ＋０．０１ｍｏＬ ＣａＣｌ２,ｐＨ７．３０是一种适合于食腐屑底栖动物的底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提剂;而０．００５ｍｏｌ／ＬＤＴＰＡ＋１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３．ｐＨ７．６８则一种适合于滤食性动物和水生根系植物底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提剂。     

Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China

Three forests with different historical land-use, forest age, and species assemblages in subtropical China were selected to evaluate current soil N status and investigate the responses of soil inorganic N dynamics to monthly ammonium nitrate additions. Results showed that the mature monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest that has been protected for more than 400 years exhibited an advanced soil N status than the pine （Pinus massoniana） and pine-broadleaf mixed forests, both originated from the 1930＇s clear-cut and pine plantation. Mature forests had greater extractable inorganic N pool, lower N retention capacity, higher inorganic N leaching, and higher soil C/N ratios. Mineral soil extractable NH4^＋-N and NO3-N concentrations were significantly increased by experimental N additions on several sampling dates, but repeated ANOVA showed that the effect was not significant over the whole year except NH4^＋-N in the mature forest. In contrast, inorganic N （both NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N） in soil 20-cm below the surface was significantly elevated by the N additions. From 42% to 74% of N added was retained by the upper 20 cm soils in the pine and mixed forests, while 0%-70% was retained in the mature forest. Our results suggest that land-use history, forest age and species composition were likely to be some of the important factors that determine differing forest N retention responses to elevated N deposition in the study region.     

二氧化硫甲醛吸收液动态稳定性的实验研究

通过对测定大气中二氧化硫甲醛吸收液动态稳定性的研究,探讨了稳定性对２４小时连续监测（手工采样）结果的影响及采样时间、流量和吸收液用量因素对监测结果影响的理论揭示。     

硫化物测定的新的标准溶液──硫代乙酰胺

根据在盐酸羟胺存在下硫代乙酰胺（ＴＡ）能够与锌发生均相沉淀的理论,选用了硫代乙酰胺作为硫化物测定的标准溶液,并利用正交试验设计进一步探讨了最佳实验条件。此方法简单、准确、重现性好,线性范围为０～０．２ｍｇ／ＬＳ２－适合于各种水样的测定。