生活垃圾在不同湿解条件下蛋白质含量的动态分析研究

垃圾湿解处理工艺是一种新型的垃圾处理工艺,将垃圾中的有机物回收利用,只将少量的垃圾进行填埋或焚烧处理,不仅减少了垃圾量且使资源利用达到最大化。研究所得成果,能够促进垃圾湿解处理工艺的不断改进和完善。以烟台市生活垃圾处理厂经过湿解处理的垃圾筛下物作为实验样品。通过控制变量法、平行实验法以及考马斯亮蓝法进行比色实验,最终分析得出生活垃圾湿解的最佳条件。根据试验样品所给湿解条件范围以及实验数据的综合分析可推断出当湿解压强为0.6 MP、湿解温度为110℃、湿解时长为50 min时湿解后垃圾中蛋白质含量最高,湿解效果最好。     

纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤砷向水稻迁移的研究

为了探究纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤中砷向水稻迁移的影响,通过盆栽种植水稻,向砷污染土壤中分别添加0%(CK)、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的纳米级二氧化锰材料,分析土壤溶液p H值、砷和锰的含量变化,及水稻中砷和锰的含量变化.结果表明:添加不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料,土壤溶液pH值没有显著变化,土壤溶液中砷、锰的浓度随着水稻生长的时间增加而降低;不同时期水稻中砷和锰的分布规律是根部茎部叶部糙米,水稻植株中锰和砷的含量呈显著负相关(p0.05);不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料能有效控制水稻糙米中总砷含量,其中1.0%添加量的阻控效果最好,使糙米中总砷含量降低了65.4%,其无机砷含量低于《食品中污染物限量(GB2762—2012)》中砷限量.     

实验条件对太湖水体中藻蓝蛋白提取结果的影响

基于野外采集的太湖水样和室内培养的铜绿微囊藻,对比了典型实验条件对太湖水体中藻蓝蛋白提取结果的影响。结果表明:(1)在太湖水样的藻蓝蛋白提取中,磷酸盐缓冲液浓度的影响微弱,0.01～0.2 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液均适宜浸提太湖水样中的藻蓝蛋白。冻融前加入缓冲液提取的藻蓝蛋白效果较好。-50℃冷冻温度的提取效率高于-20℃。(2)铜绿微囊藻和太湖水样在磷酸盐缓冲液加入顺序和冷冻温度上存在差异。对于室内培养的铜绿微囊藻,磷酸盐缓冲液可在冻融前加入,也可于冻融后加入。冷冻温度以-20℃为宜。(3)稀释测量结果显示,随着稀释比例的降低,最大吸收峰值线性减小,对应的波长位置发生了偏移。稀释比例和藻蓝蛋白浓度呈良好的线性关系。     

Optimizing the operation of the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River for multiple human interests and quasi-natural flow maintenance

For reservoir operation, maintaining a quasi-natural flow regime can benefit river ecosystems, but may sacrifice human interests. This study took the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River as a case, and developed an optimization model to explore a trade-off solution between social-economic interests and nature flow maintenance on a monthly base. The objective function considered irrigation, cruise navigation and water supply aspects. An index of flow alteration degree was proposed to measure the difference between the regulated discharge and the natural flow. The index was then used as an additional constraint in the model besides the conventional constraints on reservoir safety. During model solving, different criteria were applied to the index, representing various degrees of alteration of the natural flow regime in the river. Through the model, a relationship between social-economic interests and flow alteration degree was established. Finally, a trade-off solution of the reservoir operation was defined that led to a favorable social-economic benefit at an acceptable alteration of the natural flow.     

金属硫蛋白基因工程菌对Cd的去除研究

研究了金属硫蛋白基因工程菌对温度的耐受性,以及在一定温度条件下对Cd的去除率。通过10～50℃温度范围内的静态实验,表明枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌的温度耐受范围为10～50℃,在工程菌的OD值能维持在2左右时,表明金属硫蛋白基因工程菌的最佳温度范围为25～45℃。通过陶瓷和活性炭两种填料的动态实验,考察了在不同温度条件下基因工程菌对Cd的富集情况,表明在陶瓷填料中基因工程菌下对Cd的去除率达到98.5%。     

Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol in electroplating solution using paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified (PCCHM) anode

Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an acidic(pH 0.18 to 0.42) and high ionic strength electroplating solution was investigated. The electroplating solution is a major source of wastewater in the printing wiring board industry. A paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified(PCCHM) electrode was used as the anode and a bare graphite electrode was used as the cathode. The changes in PEG and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations during the course of the reaction were monitored. The efficiency of the PCCHM anode was compared with bare graphite anode and it was found that the former showed significant electrocatalytic property for PEG and TOC removal. Chlorides present in the solution were found to contribute significantly in the overall organic removal process. Short chain organic compounds like acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and ethylene glycol formed during electrolysis were identified by HPLC method. Anode surface area and applied current density were found to influence the electro-oxidation process, in which the former was found to be dominating. Investigations of the kinetics for the present electrochemical reaction suggested that the two stage first-order kinetic model provides a much better representation of the overall mechanism of the process if compared to the generalized kinetic model.     

庞庄煤矿煤矸石淋溶液对周边水体影响分析

为研究庞庄煤矿张小楼煤矸石堆场淋溶液对其场地和周边地表水、地下水水质影响情况,围绕煤矸石堆场及周边采集13组水样做分析比对。结果表明,煤矸石堆场淋溶液对周边地表水体形成普遍污染,且污染物浓度随着污染距离增加逐步降低,一般化学污染指标主要包括溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、铁、锰、氨氮等,毒理学污染指标包括亚硝酸盐、氟化物、砷,超标倍率约为0.02~5.36。受距离及成井深度等因素影响,地下水体未遭受淋溶液明显的污染和影响。     

水库水质预测的解析计算

通过对水库恒定时间连续污染源输移扩散特征的分析 ,在其简化条件下求得一维水质模型方程的解析解。结合河道型水库断面几何参数的沿程变化规律 ,给出了 2座水库沿程BOD5浓度分布 ,并分别将解析计算结果与相应水库的一维水质数值模型预测值进行比较 ,沿程BOD5浓度分布吻合良好。 更多还原      

双极性膜电渗析法处理酚钠溶液研究

采用双极性膜电渗析法处理酚钠溶液回收苯酚和NaOH溶液。结果表明 ,双极性膜电渗析处理质量分数为 5 %～ 15 %的酚钠溶液较为理想 ,在低电压下可保持高电流密度 82mA/cm2 ,转化率为 86 %～ 94 % ,回收苯酚能耗约为 2 7kW·h/kg。     

均相/非均相体系中亚硫酸钙非催化氧化过程

将空气鼓入一个装有亚硫酸钙溶液 浆液且混合良好的鼓泡搅拌反应器中,反应器是有效容积为1000mL的五口烧瓶,空气连续鼓入反应器中实现亚硫酸钙的强制氧化.实验结果表明,对于亚硫酸钙的非催化氧化过程,均相体系与非均相体系之间既紧密联系,又具有不同的反应特征.均相体系中仅存在气 液传质和氧化反应过程,而非均相体系远比均相体系复杂,同时存在溶解 氧化 结晶过程,该过程对非均相体系的氧化过程产生巨大影响.以上2种体系的主要差别表现为氧化速率相差2个数量级,非均相体系更有利于氧化过程的进行.