Impact of Lime and Ash Applications on Soil Solution Chemistry of an Acidified Podzolic Soil

Soil solution samples were taken from two sites (Horröd and Hasslöv) in the south part of Sweden to evaluate how soil solution chemistry responded to different treatmentswith dolomite and wood ash. At Horröd, samples were taken four years after application of wood ash, 4.28 ton ha^-1 and dolomite, 3.25 ton ha^-1. At Hasslöv dolomite, 3.45 ton ha^-1 and 8.75 ton ha^-1 was applied and samples were taken 15 yr later. It was found that treatment with dolomite at one site (Hasslöv) resulted in higher pH values (<2 pH units) and higher nitrification. It was also found at this site that the total Al and the inorganic Al concentrations decreased with dolomite treatment. The Ca, Mg, DOC, Fe, SO₄ ^2- and Cl^- concentrations, mainly in the topsoil, were found to be higher at both sites, following dolomite treatment; Ca and Mg concentrations were 2–8 times higher (<820 M) than in controls (<70 M). Wood ash was found to have less impact. The PO₄ concentration in the O2 horizon at Hasslöv decreased due to dolomite-treatment. ANOVA (Analyse of Variance) and PLS (Partial Least Square) were used to evaluate the data from the two sites.     

玻璃纤维编织管覆膜改性及其动态膜生物反应器研究

对玻璃纤维编织管进行了覆膜改性,并依托于玻璃纤维编织管开发了一种新型的栅式膜组件及其动态膜生物反应器.研究表明,覆膜改性前,玻纤编织管动态膜组件的稳定通量仅为4 L/(m2.h),跨膜压差为0.02 MPa;覆膜改性后,玻纤编织管动态膜组件的膜通量可达到16 L/(m2.h),跨膜压差为0.01 MPa;经过水力清洗和碱洗后再次运行,膜通量可达到17.1 L/(m2.h),而跨膜压差最低仅为0.003 MPa.覆膜膜液浓度为1∶4时反应器在膜通量为14.29 L/(m2.h)时稳定运行长达51 d.按阻力增长速率计算,膜通量可保持稳定运行275 d左右.同时出水效果良好,COD和NH4+-N的处理效果平均值分别为81.96%和83.66%,其中动态膜的去除率分别为21.01%和3.61%.此外,覆膜改性的玻纤编织管估算价格约为40~60元/m2,低于传统有机膜.     

重金属汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶的影响及其机理

通过土壤培养试验、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱技术 ,研究了重金属汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶催化活性、动力学性质的影响及机理 .结果表明 ,汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性、酶促反应动力学性质均具有显著影响 .汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶的作用可能为非竞争与反竞争混合的抑制类型 .而汞对麦芽酸性磷酸酶的抑制作用为反竞争性抑制 .重金属汞通过改变土壤酸性磷酸酶分子色氨酸、酪氨酸残基的微环境致使酶活性中心的构象发生变化 ,进而对酶的催化活性产生影响     

混凝微界面过程研究与进展:AOM颗/粒物-IPF水-溶液相互作用的重要性

颗粒物微界面的物理化学过程在混凝工艺中起着十分重要的决定作用.有关界面过程化学的研究构成了混凝技术研究与发展的重要内容和理论基础.本文仅以颗粒物/AOM-IPF-水溶液的相互作用为例,从水体颗粒物的稳定性、高效纳米絮凝剂的研究、微界面形态与过程以及混凝作用机理等诸方面,对该领域的研究与进展加以系统介绍.     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

2种湿地植物根表铁氧化物胶膜的形成及其对磷素吸收的影响

在田间条件下,运用土壤溶液原位抽提和毛细管电泳分析等技术,比较了芦竹(Arundo donaxLinn)和香蒲(Typhalatifolia)根表铁氧化物胶膜数量、土壤根际溶液磷质量浓度、根际土和根际溶液pH及根膜比等的差异,阐明了湿地植物根表铁氧化物胶膜对磷素从非根际土壤-根际土壤-根际溶液-根表铁氧化物胶膜-根系的迁移过程的影响以及在磷素净化中的根际调控机制.结果表明,芦竹和香蒲根表铁氧化物胶膜数量(以根系鲜重计)分别为20 170.8和7 640.3 mg/kg.有铁氧化物胶膜沉积的芦竹、香蒲的根际土有效磷含量分别是28.85、34.99 mg/kg;各比其无铁氧化物胶膜增加了46.2%、21.9%.有铁氧化物胶膜沉积的芦竹、香蒲的根际溶液磷质量浓度为0.65、0.56 mg/kg,分别比其无铁氧化物胶膜沉积高9.2%、33.9%.芦竹根表铁氧化物胶膜吸附的磷占根系吸附吸收磷的81.7%,香蒲是85.7%.根表有铁氧化物胶膜沉积的芦竹磷素利用有效性比无铁氧化物胶膜的植株高16.5%,香蒲高31.4%.有铁氧化物胶膜沉积的芦竹和香蒲植株体内磷含量均比无铁氧化物胶膜高.同时,铁氧化物胶膜对磷酸盐的吸附提高了磷酸盐从非根际向根际、固相(根际土壤)向液相(根际土壤溶液)的迁移速率.有铁氧化物胶膜沉积的湿地植物根际土有效磷含量累积,无铁氧化物胶膜沉积的湿地植物根际土有效磷含量耗竭.     

浑河流域地表水地下水水质耦合模拟

以浑河流域为研究区,在现场调查、动态监测和资料分析的基础上,根据浑河流域的具体实际条件,包括水文和水文地质条件,分别建立了浑河流域地表水地下水水流耦合模拟模型及水质耦合模拟模型.模拟对象包括地表水、包气带水和饱水带水.运用HydroGeoSphere（HGS）技术系统对地表水和地下水进行联立并行同步求解.根据浑河流域地表水地下水同步动态监测资料,分别对地表水地下水水流和水质耦合模拟模型进行了校正和检验.之后,根据设定的情景方案,应用所建立的模拟模型对浑河流域地表水地下水未来的水质污染状况进行了预报.结果表明：基于HGS技术系统的地表水地下水水流和水质耦合模拟模型能够刻画流域地表水地下水各自的运动规律以及二者之间的水力联系与相互转换关系.若地表水受到污染（如农田施肥）,不仅会影响到地表水,也会对地下水造成影响,反之亦然.     

环境因素对X80管线钢在NS4溶液中腐蚀性的影响

通过动电位极化方法研究了温度、溶解氧、pH值等环境因素对X80管线钢在NS4溶液中腐蚀性的影响,并将三者对X80钢腐蚀速率的影响程度进行了灰关联分析.动电位极化曲线试验结果表明:随着NS4溶液中溶解氧含量的减少,X80钢的腐蚀电流密度(icorr)降低,耐腐蚀性增加;随着溶液温度升高和溶液pH值降低,X80钢的腐蚀电流密度增加,耐腐蚀性下降;灰关联分析结果表明:根据关联度的大小,环境因素对X80钢腐蚀速率影响大小的顺序为溶解氧、溶液pH值、温度.     

Activity and hydrothermal stability of CeO2–ZrO2–WO3 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

A series of CeO_2–ZrO_2–WO_3(CZW)catalysts prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method showed excellent catalytic activity for selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_3 over a wide temperature of 150–550°C.The effect of hydrothermal treatment of CZW catalysts on SCR activity was investigated in the presence of 10% H_2O.The fresh catalyst showed above 90% NO_x conversion at 201–459°C,which is applicable to diesel exhaust NO_x purification(200–440°C).The SCR activity results indicated that hydrothermal aging decreased the SCR activity of CZW at low temperatures(below 300°C),while the activity was notably enhanced at high temperature(above 450°C).The aged CZW catalyst(hydrothermal aging at 700°C for 8 hr)showed almost 80% NO_x conversion at 229–550°C,while the V_2O_5–WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst presented above 80% NO_x conversion at 308–370°C.The effect of structural changes,acidity,and redox properties of CZW on the SCR activity was investigated.The results indicated that the excellent hydrothermal stability of CZW was mainly due to the CeO_2–ZrO_2 solid solution,amorphous WO_3 phase and optimal acidity.In addition,the formation of WO_3 clusters increased in size as the hydrothermal aging temperature increased,resulting in the collapse of structure,which could further affect the acidity and redox properties.