Impact of Lime and Ash Applications on Soil Solution Chemistry of an Acidified Podzolic Soil

Soil solution samples were taken from two sites (Horröd and Hasslöv) in the south part of Sweden to evaluate how soil solution chemistry responded to different treatmentswith dolomite and wood ash. At Horröd, samples were taken four years after application of wood ash, 4.28 ton ha^-1 and dolomite, 3.25 ton ha^-1. At Hasslöv dolomite, 3.45 ton ha^-1 and 8.75 ton ha^-1 was applied and samples were taken 15 yr later. It was found that treatment with dolomite at one site (Hasslöv) resulted in higher pH values (<2 pH units) and higher nitrification. It was also found at this site that the total Al and the inorganic Al concentrations decreased with dolomite treatment. The Ca, Mg, DOC, Fe, SO₄ ^2- and Cl^- concentrations, mainly in the topsoil, were found to be higher at both sites, following dolomite treatment; Ca and Mg concentrations were 2–8 times higher (<820 M) than in controls (<70 M). Wood ash was found to have less impact. The PO₄ concentration in the O2 horizon at Hasslöv decreased due to dolomite-treatment. ANOVA (Analyse of Variance) and PLS (Partial Least Square) were used to evaluate the data from the two sites.     

新一代三效催化剂的关键材料─CexZr1-xO2固溶体研究进展

汽车尾气排放法规的日趋严格迫切要求开发高性能的三效催化剂.传统三效催化剂中的CeO2高温下易发生烧结而降低或失去储氧能力.而加入锆所形成的CexZr1-xO2固溶体具有良好的抗高温老化性能、低温还原性能和较高的储氧能力,可以作为新一代三效催化剂的关键材料.     

紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质及其混凝性能的影响

为探明紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液在后续混凝过程的促进原理,系统考察了紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质的影响规律,以及这些理化性质上的变化对腐殖酸混凝性能的影响.结果表明,经紫外辐射处理后,除Zeta电位外,腐殖酸溶液的p H、色度和黏度均呈现不同程度的下降趋势.进一步研究发现,黏度对腐殖酸溶液的混凝效果影响相对较弱.酸性条件下,腐殖酸溶液的混凝性能明显增加.Zeta电位的增加使得胶体之间更易聚集沉淀.此外,除了相对分子质量为10×10~3~30×10~3和小于1×10~3的腐殖酸所占比例增加外,低分子量腐殖酸所占比重也无明显改变,这可能是紫外辐射后腐殖酸溶液混凝性能不降反增的重要原因.     

富含H.S.B菌群活性污泥降解煤气废水的试验研究

煤气是一种清洁的燃料。然而,在煤气化生产过程中也产生了大量废水。生物降解目前是煤气化废水治疗的主要方法。由于煤气废水对微生物有较强的毒性和抑制性,生物学的技术提高是特别必需的。采用厌氧-好氧工艺,接种焦化厂厌氧池和好氧池成熟污泥,经驯化,通过对废水COD去除率的测定,结果显示,厌氧降解实际废水试验中,9天后COD去除率能达到72%以上;好氧降解水解出水试验中,7天后COD去除率能达到80%以上。     

混凝微界面过程研究与进展:AOM颗/粒物-IPF水-溶液相互作用的重要性

颗粒物微界面的物理化学过程在混凝工艺中起着十分重要的决定作用.有关界面过程化学的研究构成了混凝技术研究与发展的重要内容和理论基础.本文仅以颗粒物/AOM-IPF-水溶液的相互作用为例,从水体颗粒物的稳定性、高效纳米絮凝剂的研究、微界面形态与过程以及混凝作用机理等诸方面,对该领域的研究与进展加以系统介绍.     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

环境监测质量控制技术探讨-准确度控制

阐述了环境监测准确度控制的概念以及常用方法,提出了标准溶液控制的概念和方法,并对质控样控制的合格判断、加标回收率计算修正以及定性加标的应用提出独到见解。     

基于散流器的盐雾箱饱和加湿技术研究

目的 提升盐雾箱饱和加湿桶湿式加热性能，保证盐雾试验过程沉降盐雾溶液浓度的稳定，进行盐雾试验箱饱和加湿桶的设计与研究。方法 对饱和加湿桶压缩空气入口和出口进行结构设计，入口采用散流器实现湿式加热，出口设置气水分离器，对出口气流进行气水分离，从而形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气。对饱和加湿桶进行性能测试，验证盐雾试验箱饱和加湿方法的有效性。结果 散流器可以使气流在水中形成稳定的流动，有效抑制气流直通液面的浪涌现象，避免液滴飞溅产生，并增大了压缩空气与去离子水的接触面积。供气压力为50~150 kPa时，饱和加湿桶出口气流的相对湿度在不同温度下均可达到83%~90%，且试验过程出口流道无明水喷射。结论 通过对饱和加湿桶的设计，有效提升了湿式加热的效率，并形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气，满足盐雾试验要求。