国内危险化学品管理概述

搜集整理了近年来各部委关于危险化学品管理的各种目录,提出了《危险化学品安全管理条例》(国务院令591号)实施后将要新增的目录,对不同目录的背景、主要内容和适用范围作了介绍,对国内危险化学品从业人员和企业可起到参考指导作用。     

某公司职工血脂异常患病情况及其危险因素研究

通过1997年至2005年某石化公司职工健康查体和职业查体的资料进行统计分析,探讨了血脂异常与年龄、性别、饮食、职业及其他危险因素的关系.     

某炼油厂重油催化裂化装置噪声危害现状与防治

目的了解炼油厂重油催化裂化装置生产过程中噪声危害现况及对作业工人听觉系统影响,探讨防治措施。方法检测装置设备的噪声强度,调查职业病防护设施设置及个人防护用品使用情况,分析作业人员职业健康体检结果。结果装置设备噪声多点均超过国家职业卫生限值,高强度噪声主要存在于各类机泵、气压机、空气增压机、烟气轮机、空冷器蒸汽管线等处。装置检修（采取更多防噪声措施）后作业场所噪声检测结果有所改变,作业人员听力异常情况有所好转。结论通过工艺改革、采用无声或低声设备替代噪声设备,消声、减振等控制噪声的传播等措施,可有效降低作业场所噪声强度,减少作业人员听力受损。     

基于B/S模式的环境巨灾危险源动态管理系统的研究

介绍了环境巨灾危险源动态管理系统的体系结构、总体框架和主要功能。环境巨灾危险源动态管理系统提供了中国石化现有的重油环境灾害危险源、危险源详细信息、空间的分布状况、危险源发生重大溢油事故时的危害程度和范围、溢油事故时的应急响应,为石化安全生产决策提供了技术支撑。     

Vulnerability to typhoon hazards in the coastal informal settlements of Metro Manila,the Philippines

In many low‐ and middle‐income countries informal communities—also termed slum and squatter areas—have become a dominant and distinct form of urban settlement, with ever increasing populations. Such communities are often located in areas of high hazard exposure and frequently affected by disasters. While often recognised as one of the highest ‘at risk’ populations, this paper will argue that informal settlers have been directly and indirectly excluded from many formal mechanisms, thereby increasing their vulnerability to disaster events. Household surveys were conducted across several frequently flooded informal coastal communities in Metro Manila, the Philippines, following a major typhoon and storm surge disaster. The study revealed a large level of diversity in socio‐economic vulnerability, although all households faced similar levels of physical exposure and physical vulnerability. Disaster risk reduction policies and responses need to better integrate informal settlement areas and recognise the diversity within these communities.     

Variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters

Studies have demonstrated that public and private organizations differ in many respects (e.g. funding mechanisms and risk-taking capabilities). Based on this scholarship, we expect to see differences in their disaster preparedness levels. Hence, we propose the following research question: Are there variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters? We answer this question by employing the theories of publicness and social identity. We define publicness through the core approach arguing that public and private organizations are uniquely different based on their legal status or ownership and social identity as an individual’s feeling of oneness or belongingness to a particular group or organization. Using data gathered in 2014 from a nationally representative sample of 1634 public and private employees in the United States, we posit that employees of private organizations will report higher preparedness levels in comparison to employees of public organizations. Our proposition is based on scholarship that found a negative relationship between publicness and organizational identification and a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational performance. Contrary to our proposition, but in line with the disaster literature, the results showed that in general, employees of public organizations reported a higher preparedness level than employees of private organizations.     

For whom does safety pay? The case of major accidents

Government agencies regularly use the argument that ‘safety pays’ as a way of motivating employers to attend to occupational health and safety. This paper looks at the effectiveness of this argument in the case of catastrophic hazards. It suggests that, while it may be true that safety pays in an abstract sense, this is irrelevant unless it can be shown that safety pays for relevant decision makers. All too often it does not. The article illustrates its claims by drawing on the literature on the Zeebrugge, Bhopal and Piper Alpha disasters, as well as on a study of a mine disaster in Australia.     

城市轨道交通危险源分类优化方案及应用

如何准确查找城市轨道交通运营过程中存在危险源,避免或减少运营事故的发生,是城市轨道交通运营企业风险管理工作的重要内容。通过对国内运营成熟的城市轨道交通运营企业及其他行业在风险源管理工作的对比分析,提出了城市轨道交通危险源登记手册及危险源分类的优化设计方案,并将其应用于国内某市城市轨道交通的车辆中心、综合机电中心、自动化中心等关键部门的危险源统计分析工作中,得到了较好的效果,为提升国内城市轨道交通运营企业的风险管理提供了有益的支撑。     

Land-use planning for sustainable resource development in Kumaon Lesser Himalaya—a study of the Gomti watershed

SUMMARY

The Lesser Himalaya, as the most densely populated part of the tectonically active and ecologically sensitive Himalayan mountain ranges, deserves specific attention to the conservation of the environment and the sustainable development of natural resources. Rapid growth of the human population during recent years, and the absence of any viable means of livelihood other than uneconomic crop farming have led to the uncontrolled exploitation of land areas and the consequent degradation and depletion of critical biophysical resources in the region. The need for sustainable development in Himalaya, therefore, makes it imperative to adopt a comprehensive land-use policy based on land capacity analysis that is scientific and practical. The main objective of this paper is to evolve an optimal land-use framework for the Gomti Watershed, situated in Kumaon, Lesser Himalaya. A detailed study of the traditional land use, regional agricultural system and the areas prone to environmental hazards was made throughout the watershed, through the preparation of large scale topographical forest and land record maps, field surveys and mapping. The average slope was considered as the principal parameter of land capacity, the potential for landslides and the intensity of erosion. Recognising the drastic changes that have taken place in the traditional land use, the watershed area has been proposed to be defined as protected forests (33.41%), community forests (32.86%), cultivation (23.33%) and horticulture (8.30%).     

Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters: Multidisciplinary origins and contextual dimensions

Economic resilience is a major way to reduce losses from disasters. Its effectiveness would be further enhanced if it could be precisely defined and measured. This paper distinguishes static economic resilience—efficient allocation of existing resources—from dynamic economic resilience—speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction of the capital stock. Operational definitions are put forth that incorporate this important distinction. The consistency of the definitions is examined in relation to antecedents from several disciplines. The effectiveness of economic resilience is evaluated on the basis of recent empirical studies. In addition, its potential to be enhanced and eroded is analyzed in various contexts.