Radiological hazards of TENORM in the wasted petroleum pipes

Disposal petroleum pipes containing sludge and scale as a technically enhanced natural occurring radioactive material (TENORM) leads to internal and external radiation hazards and then a significant radiation dose to the workers. In order to contribute to a future waste management policy related to the presence of TENORM in the disposal sites of wasted petroleum pipes, scale and sludge as TENORM wastes are collected form these disposal pipes for radiometric analysis. These pipes are imported from onshore oilfields at south Sinai governorate, Egypt. The highest mean ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra concentrations of 519 and 50 kBq/kg respectively, were measured in scale samples. Sludge lies within the normal range of radium concentration. The average absorbed dose caused by the exposure to the wasted pipes equal to 4.09 μGy h⁻¹ from sludge and 262 μGy h⁻¹ from scale. This is much higher than the acceptable level of 0.059 μGy h⁻¹. Due to radon inhalation, important radon related parameters are calculated which advantage in internal dose calculation. Fairly good correlation between real radium content and radon exhalation rate for sludge samples is obtained. The hazards from sludge come from its high emanation power for radon which equal to 3.83%. The obtained results demonstrate the need of screening oil residues for their radionuclide content in order to decide about their final disposal.     

In harm’s way: Non-migration decisions of people at risk of slow-onset coastal hazards in Bangladesh

Non-migration is an adaptive strategy that has received little attention in environmental migration studies. We explore the leveraging factors of non-migration decisions of communities at risk in coastal Bangladesh, where exposure to both rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters is high. We apply the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to empirical data and assess how threat perception and coping appraisal influences migration decisions in farming communities suffering from salinization of cropland. This study consists of data collected through quantitative household surveys (n = 200) and semi-structured interviews from four villages in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Results indicate that most respondents are unwilling to migrate, despite better economic conditions and reduced environmental risk in other locations. Land ownership, social connectedness, and household economic strength are the strongest predictors of non-migration decisions. This study is the first to use the PMT to understand migration-related behaviour and the findings are relevant for policy planning in vulnerable regions where exposure to climate-related risks is high but populations are choosing to remain in place.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01552-8.     

海岛地区地质灾害易发性评价模型构建研究 ——以岱山县衢山镇为例

以岱山县衢山镇为研究区,以斜坡单元为评价单元,在重点分析地质环境条件与地质灾害相关性的基础上,筛选影响地质灾害易发性的主要参评因子,构建评价模型,并完成指标因子的分析与量化,并借助层次分析法和综合危险指数法确定易发性的综合评分,进而划定易发程度等级和修编易发程度分区.评价模型的构建过程可为海岛地区地质灾害易发性评价提供...     

Reducing hazard vulnerability: towards a common approach between disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation

Over the past few decades, four distinct and largely independent research and policy communities--disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, environmental management and poverty reduction--have been actively engaged in reducing socio-economic vulnerability to natural hazards. However, despite the significant efforts of these communities, the vulnerability of many individuals and communities to natural hazards continues to increase considerably. In particular, it is hydro-meteorological hazards that affect an increasing number of people and cause increasingly large economic losses. Arising from the realisation that these four communities have been largely working in isolation and enjoyed only limited success in reducing vulnerability, there is an emerging perceived need to strengthen significantly collaboration and to facilitate learning and information exchange between them. This article examines key communalities and differences between the climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction communities, and proposes three exercises that would help to structure a multi-community dialogue and learning process.     

Local initiatives and adaptation to climate change

Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in the number and strength of natural hazards produced by climatic events. This paper presents some examples of the experiences of community-based organisations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) of variations in climate, and looks at how they have incorporated their findings into the design and implementation of local adaptation strategies. Local organisations integrate climate change and climatic hazards into the design and development of their projects as a means of adapting to their new climatic situation. Projects designed to boost the resilience of local livelihoods are good examples of local adaptation strategies. To upscale these adaptation initiatives, there is a need to improve information exchange between CBOs, NGOs and academia. Moreover, there is a need to bridge the gap between scientific and local knowledge in order to create projects capable of withstanding stronger natural hazards.     

安全评价技术的探讨

以研制系统安全评价标准为切入点,对系统安全性评价的用途,系统固有危险性评价,事故直接隐患评价,事故间接隐患评价等诸方面,从理论上作了深入的阐述,对指导企业搞好安全评价工作,提高安全管理水平,减少和控制事故有较强的参考和实用价值.     

定量风险评价（QRA）中的危险辨识方法

危险辨识是进行定量风险评价（QRA）的关键步骤,QRA分析区域内的危险设备设施可能很多,但并不是每台设备设施都一定要包含并进行定量风险计算,这不仅涉及到QRA的效率和成本问题,也涉及到评价结论准确性、安全投入有效性等问题。本文简要介绍并比较了欧盟ARAMIS和挪威Purple book中推介的2种危险辨识方法,有助于国内QRA分析人员参照比较及提升QRA分析的一致性。     

危险化学品重大危险源辨识中存在问题的研究与探讨

根据对GB18218—2000《重大危险源辨识》和新标准GB18218—2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》以及国内外重大危险源辨识标准的对比分析,提出我国危险化学品重大危险源辨识中存在的四大问题。针对重大危险源涵盖种类仍不齐全的问题,提出将重大危险源从能量和物质两个角度划分,即标准涵盖的危险源种类应加入危险能量重大危险源;针对临界量不合理的问题,提出以死亡半径作为分界点,通过模拟计算确定危险物质的临界量的方法,使确定出的临界量符合相关法律法规规定量;针对重大危险源单元范围划分不合理的问题,提出采用模拟计算,以火灾爆炸事故破坏范围中的财产损失半径来定义单元覆盖距离的方法;针对缺少重大危险源危险性分级方法的问题,通过分析比较国内较为流行的几种重大危险源分级技术的优缺点及适用条件,提出多种分级方法结合的组合式分级方法。     

珠江三角洲地区人类活动造成的水土流失及其危害──以广州市为例

以广州市为例,重点分析人类活动造成的水土流失现状与危害。广州市的水土流失类型可分为自然侵蚀和人为侵蚀,其中自然侵蚀主要有面蚀、沟蚀两种形式,在广州市范围面积分布相对较广,但侵蚀强度内并不严重;而人为侵蚀突出,侵蚀类型和强度也更为复杂多样。人为侵蚀的成因主要有：采石取土、交通道路建设、开发区建设以及坡耕地。人为侵蚀已经成为广州市水土流失灾害的主要表现形式。     

珠江三角洲地区人类活动造成的水土流失及其危害

以广州市为例,重点分析人类活动造成的水土流失现状与危害。广州市的水土流失类型可分为自然侵蚀和人为侵蚀,其中自然侵蚀主要有面蚀、沟蚀两种形式,在广州市范围面积分布相对较广,但侵蚀强度内并不严重;而人为侵蚀突出,侵蚀类型和强度也更为复杂多样。人为侵蚀的成因主要有采石取土、交通道路建设、开发区建设以及坡耕地。人为侵蚀已经成为广州市水土流失灾害的主要表现形式。