三峡库区地质灾害监测数据采集与传输现状

文章对目前三峡库区地质灾害监测系统的构成进行了阐述,详细介绍了监测数据的采集和传输方式,并分析了每种方式的优缺点和改进办法,且对该类技术的发展趋势进行了预测。     

重大突发地质灾害应急处置的基本问题

地质灾害应急处置是地质灾害应急响应的中心环节，是针对地质灾害险情或灾情采取的紧急减灾行动。工作实施体现为6个“快”，即“快调查、快监测、快定性、快论证、快决策和快实施”。作者结合十多年的工作经验，在理论上界定了地质灾害应急处置各阶段要解决的关键问题，同时提出了执行应急任务的科技人员应具备政策法规、科学理论、技术方法、工作程序和社会人文等方面的知识。最后，简单介绍了特大型滑坡险情应急处置（Ⅰ级响应）和大型黄土崩滑地质灾害应急处置（Ⅱ级响应）的有关实例。     

自然灾害发生时间序列的分形特征及R/S分析

统计了公元960年到1979年我国地震、洪涝和台风风暴潮灾害发生的时间及死亡人数,以分形几何中的Cantor集合为模型,发现我国自然灾害发生时间序列的分布呈现出明显的分形特征,并采用Smalley方法分别计算了不同灾害发生时间序列分布的分维值,它们均在0.5左右,同严格意义上的数学分形Cantor集合相比分维较小,说明我国地震等自然灾害发生发展的自组织程度还有进一步发展的趋势,其危害程度将可能进一步提高;在自然灾害发生时间序列的分形特征的基础上,通过R/S分析,得出3种自然灾害发生时间序列的H指数均在0.28左右,同日斑指数、树木年轮、湖泊水位变化等自然现象相比较小,说明自然灾害的发生具有短程相关性,其发生规律没有日斑指数等自然现象明显.该研究对于进一步认识和研究我国地震等自然灾害的发生规律和发展趋势等具有一定意义.     

Bhopal and its effects on the Canadian regulatory framework

Instead of legislating after the Bhopal accident, Canada choose to innovate by adopting a consultative approach. In 1987, Environment Canada set up the Major Industrial Accidents Council of Canada (MIACC), a non profit organization financed by the federal and provincial governments and industry.

MIACC was a process rather than a structure. Governments, industries, responders, trade unions, NGOs, etc. have shared their expertise. It has worked as a partnership for the development of standards, guidance documents, etc. in prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.

MIACC ceased to exist in 1999. Although, MIACC disappearance is unfortunate, it is not dramatic. A culture of partnership, of working together towards common objectives, is now well in place and influences the development of regulations.

Natural disasters and the 911 terrorist attack on New York triggered the publication of regulations.

The legislative process started in 2001 with the Province of Quebec adopting a new Civil Protection Act for the protection of persons and property against disasters.

Year 2003 saw major developments in the regulation of emergencies—changes that are likely to have significant influences on how companies operate in Canada. Surprisingly, however, these changes have received little attention in the media, and many companies may not be aware of their implications.

This paper will review these developments, and will examine what has already taken place. Topics include:

• The federal regulation of environmental emergencies under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act;

• Extension of the Criminal Code of Canada to allow criminal charges and possibly heavy penalties for senior officials and corporations, including an explicit legal duty to protect workers from harm;

• Quebec Civil Protection Act designed to identify and manage risks;

• Ontario‘s stepwise regulation of municipal emergency preparedness with the intended goal of NFPA 1600 compliance by 2007, and the implications for the process industries;

• Potential regulation at the municipal level.

Graphical Presentation of 50/60 Hz Magnetic Field Contours as an Engineering Tool for Minimizing ELF Fields

Summary Since IARC classified ELF magnetic field as Possibly Carcinogenic to Human the fear from 50/60 Hz magnetic field exposure had been increased to the state of public “panic”. Subsequently, environment quality preservation organizations increased their pressure on their government to adopt the “precautionary principle” and to reduce the allowable ELF Magnetic Field exposure to much lower values than are recommended by ICNIRP-1998. As an example the present Environmental Ministry in Israel recommendation is to lower the ELF Field exposure to 10 mG averaged over 24 h. As a result of this stringent exposure guideline imposed by the government, electrical engineers who are involved in the deployment and installation of large and medium electrical utilities, such as overhead power lines, transformers, UPS systems, electrical public transportation, switching stations, etc., are much more aware to the need to employ special measures and methods for reducing the magnetic fields that might be emitted from such utilities. There are few computer codes that are capable of analyzing with great accuracy magnetic and electric fields surrounding single phase and three phase electrical utilities in a 3-D system. The best presentations of the analysis results are by equi-value contours depicting electric and magnetic fields. This graphical presentation is a powerful design tool that enables better deployment and installation design aided to reduce the magnetic field emissions from high-power electrical utilities. This paper describes the various types of graphical presentations available for ELF field contours, the dependent and independent variants and parameters, magnetic field animation for optimization of power line installation and routing, and finally an example that demonstrates the usefulness of the graphical presentation tools.     

地下金属矿山安全评价体系的探讨

对矿山实行安全评价是确保安全生产的重要措施。根据地下金属矿山生产工艺的特点，分析发生事故的原因及影响因素，以定量分析的方法，从企业管理、工程设计、人员配备、环境条件等方面进行安全评价，提出评价体系，系统而直观地反映企业生产安全程度。     

崩滑流雷达遥感应用潜力分析

综述了我国崩滑流（崩塌、滑坡、泥石流）遥感的应用现状；着重分析了成像雷达遥感在崩滑流识别、监测、预警中具有的独特优势，特别是随着新型成像雷达遥感（极化、干涉雷达）的发展，基于干涉雷达发展的差分干涉测量技术能以一量级甚至更小尺度测量地表形变，在崩滑流研究中能提供定量的动态信息，为崩滑流遥感应用研究注入了新的活力，开辟了新的思路；并指出以雷达（ＳＡＲ）遥感信息为主的多源信息复合解译，能为崩滑流灾害的调查提供更为方便、准确、及时、动态的信息．     

长江三角洲地下水开采的负环境效应及其防治

长江三角洲位于以上海为中心的经济发达区,是我国经济实力最强、产业规模最大的地区.但是,随着经济的高速发展和人口的高度集中,也进一步加剧了对地下水的需求,使三角洲大部分地区普遍出现地下水位大幅下降,从而引起各种环境负效应,如地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、海水入侵和水质污染等,严重影响了长江三角洲经济可持续发展和人民群众生活质量的提高.本文对长江三角洲因地下水强烈开采而出现的一系列环境地质灾害进行了总结和讨论,并初步提出了有关防治对策和建议.     

焊接作业中的危害因素及防护

结合国内外焊接作业中安全管理的特点及石油化工施工企业的实际管理经验,对金属焊接作业中存在的潜在危害进行了分析,并提出了减少和避免这些危害的有效措施.     

低频通信系统天线近场辐射危害研究

目的 为低频通信系统电磁辐射危害控制方法提供数据支撑。方法 基于IEEE-Std-C95.1—2005、GJB 5313A—2017以及GB 8702—2014，通过试验详细地获取不同功率和频率条件下低频通信系统天线近场综合场强值，并将工作区域划分为危险区、短时活动区和安全工作区。结果 以甚低频菱形天线为中心，40 m半径范围内为危险区，其峰值场强高于70 V/m，40~70 m半径范围内为短时活动区，70 m半径外为安全工作区。结论 甚低频天线近场电磁辐射危害试验验证和区域划分，为低频通信系统电磁辐射危害有效控制提供技术支撑。