四川盆地红层找水打井工程与防灾减灾

在对四川盆地红层区找水打井工程和地质灾害调查研究的基础上,从红层区有利于崩塌滑坡发生的地形地貌、地质结构以及红层区斜坡变形破坏特征等方面阐述了红层区崩滑地质灾害发育特点,论述了地表渗水和地下水对红层斜坡变形破坏的影响、疏排水在红层区崩塌滑坡防治中的重要作用,论证了红层找水打井工程与崩塌滑坡防灾的联系,提出了纽层打井工程区的防灾减灾对策。     

建筑物火险综合评价初探

论述了火险综合评价的要点及建筑物火险综合评价应考虑的回素，提出了建筑物火险综合评价体系。     

Some experiences in hazard identification and risk shortlisting

‘Rapid ranking’ has been used for many years as a method of determining the priority which should be given to formal investigation of the wide range of hazards and risks present on major process industry sites. Such methods tend to evolve to meet the needs of specific applications. Some historical and recent applications are outlined, and the nature of the developments which they led to are discussed. Particular topics discussed include: development of the method such that it is usable by operating managers rather than specialists; use to raise risk consciousness; adaptation for use as an aid to hazard identification; use to define both which risks should be studied and which risks, even if low, should be incorporated in routine monitoring and periodic auditing programmes; use as a basis for comparison of the relative risks presented by a variety of different industrial installations; use for a range of different types of risk; and extension beyond ranking to include ‘shortlisting’ i.e. deciding which risks to include in a study programme and which to leave out. Philosophical difficulties with the approach are discussed, including the danger of omitting from detailed study a risk which is erroneously shown as low, and the uncertainty of the absolute level of the ranked risks. Approaches to minimizing these problems are discussed.     

大型原油码头危险有害因素分析及预防

分析了大型原油码头运营中存在的危险有害因素，提出了要从硬件管理、控制作业关键点、劳动安全防护、安全管理等方面进行预防。     

How are coastal households responding to climate change?

In Australia, shared responsibility is a concept advocated to promote collective climate change adaptation by multiple actors and institutions. However, a shared response is often promoted in the absence of information regarding actions currently taken; in particular, there is limited knowledge regarding action occurring at the household scale. To address this gap, we examine household actions taken to address climate change and associated hazards in two Australian coastal communities. Mixed methods research is conducted to answer three questions: (1) what actions are currently taken (mitigation, actions to lobby for change or adaptation to climate impacts)? (2) why are these actions taken (e.g. are they consistent with capacity, experience, perceptions of risk); and (3) what are the implications for adaptation? We find that households are predominantly mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and that impact orientated adaptive actions are limited. Coping strategies are considered sufficient to mange climate risks, proving a disincentive for additional adaptive action. Influencing factors differ, but generally, risk perception and climate change belief are associated with action. However, the likelihood of more action is a function of homeownership and a tendency to plan ahead. Addressing factors that support or constrain household adaptive decision-making and action, from the physical (e.g. homeownership) to the social (e.g. skills in planning and a culture of adapting to change) will be critical in increasing household participation in adaptation.     

长江上游地区不同土地利用方式对山地灾害的敏感性分析--以金沙江一级支流小江流域为例

长江上游是我国山地灾害异常活跃区,其频繁活动与该区域特殊的自然条件和人类经济活动密切相关。从自然和人文交叉最密切的领域——土地利用及其变化入手,选择区内山地灾害频繁活动区——金沙江一级支流小江流域为典型研究区,通过定量分析不同坡度土地利用方式对山地灾害的综合敏感性,发现易致灾的土地利用方式依次为：道路建设用地和工矿用地、>15°的旱地、>15°低盖度草地和人工修建的蓄水区、城市建设用地、>8°的裸岩地、>25°的滩地、>35°的高盖度草地,并根据敏感值的大小进行了敏感性区划。研究成果对规划土地利用方式、布局水土保持工程等具有一定的参考意义。     

用油淬火的火灾防治

现在不时仍有因淬火油使用不当而发生的火灾事故和惨剧 ,这不仅造成了巨大的经济损失 ,而且对环境和安全生产构成了巨大威胁。对使用淬火油可能产生火灾事故的原因进行了分析 ,提出了应对措施和建议。     

Environmental equity in a sunbelt city: the spatial distribution of toxic hazards in Phoenix,Arizona

Abstract

This paper examines the spatial distributions of industrial facilities emitting toxic substances in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan region. The analysis relies on geographic information system mapping of hazardous facilities listed in the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) to assess the spatial distribution of polluting industries in relation to the demographic composition of host neighborhoods. The research addresses four questions: (1) Are there differences between the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods with and without polluting industrial facilities? (2) Is there a relationship between the volume of toxic chemicals released from industrial facilities and the socioeconomic characteristics of host neighborhoods? (3) Is there a relationship between the toxicity of the chemicals released from industrial facilities and the socioeconomic characteristics of those living in proximity? (4) Do alternative methods for determining the distribution of potentially affected populations produce different observed patterns of environmental inequities? The study concludes that there is a clear pattern of environmental inequity in Phoenix based on the location and volume of emissions of TRI facilities. Analysis of the toxicity of emissions found a more equal distribution of risk, reflecting the suburbanization of high-technology industries into predominantly white middle-class communities.     

Disaster risk reduction and the evolution of physical development regulation

In 1984 the Mitigation Implementation Conference recognized the need for effective management of urban development in terms of building standards and land-use zonation. In the intervening 25 years, significant progress has been made in the development of building codes and hazard mapping for disaster risk reduction; however, the failure to promulgate, implement and enforce regulation of development has resulted in the dramatic expansion of exposure and risk. It is now necessary to re-assess regulatory policy and practice. New approaches to regulatory compliance must be explored, including participatory regulation and reliance on cultural and religious bases for individual commitment to community safety.     

农业职业安全与健康分析研究

我国农业产业化经营已步入持续发展和提高的新阶段,农业生产维护中的安全与健康问题应给予更高的关注。本文对农业机械维护和基础设施维护中存在的风险与危害及其对健康的影响进行了描述与分析,提出了预防措施。