全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4561篇 |
免费 | 136篇 |
国内免费 | 107篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 199篇 |
废物处理 | 41篇 |
环保管理 | 1114篇 |
综合类 | 1939篇 |
基础理论 | 312篇 |
环境理论 | 20篇 |
污染及防治 | 319篇 |
评价与监测 | 624篇 |
社会与环境 | 202篇 |
灾害及防治 | 34篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 163篇 |
2019年 | 64篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 119篇 |
2016年 | 143篇 |
2015年 | 104篇 |
2014年 | 183篇 |
2013年 | 231篇 |
2012年 | 172篇 |
2011年 | 320篇 |
2010年 | 163篇 |
2009年 | 286篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 231篇 |
2006年 | 225篇 |
2005年 | 114篇 |
2004年 | 135篇 |
2003年 | 190篇 |
2002年 | 178篇 |
2001年 | 181篇 |
2000年 | 199篇 |
1999年 | 173篇 |
1998年 | 149篇 |
1997年 | 148篇 |
1996年 | 89篇 |
1995年 | 65篇 |
1994年 | 79篇 |
1993年 | 75篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4804条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
541.
542.
Impact scoping is the process of identifying important issues of a proposal and focusing the environmental impact assessment
(EIA) on the high-priority issues. Although impact scoping in one form or another has been inherent to EIA for some time,
documentation of its development and discussion of refinements to impact scoping processes have not been forthcoming. This
article traces the development of impact scoping through time and highlights the need for such processes in EIA. A focused
environmental assessment (FEA) approach to impact scoping that is suitable for implementation in an EIA is presented here
and advantages of its use are delineated. FEA is a three-staged process that encourages impact scoping through progressive
steps including impact identification, assessment and management planning. FEA combines a suite of EIA methods including:
issues matrices, impact hypotheses, valued ecosystem components, and stakeholder participation sessions to effectively integrate
impact scoping with EIA. 相似文献
543.
A “finding of no significant impact” (FONSI) resulting from an environmental assessment (EA) was reported by the US Army in
June 1986 for the construction and utilization of a multipurpose range complex (MPRC) at the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii.
There was little public response, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and state agencies were consulted and had few comments
concerning the results of the botanical surveys used in the assessment. Construction of the $24 million project was begun
in 1988. Near the end of construction in 1989 a lawsuit was filed to halt construction because an environmental impact statement
(EIS) had not been done for the project, and the plaintiff thought that significant damage had occurred to several unusual
ecosystems. Judgment was against the plaintiff and construction continued. An appeal was filed with the 9th Circuit Court.
As MPRC construction was nearly complete, and on advice of Department of Justice lawyers, the Department of Army agreed to
settle out of court. The settlement in part called for: (1) the plaintiff to drop the appeal and allow construction to be
completed as scheduled, and (2) the Department of Army to prepare an EIS for the operation of the MPRC. A subsequent botanical
survey for the EIS discovered one endangered plant species, four category 1 candidate plant species (taxa with sufficient
data to support listing as endangered or threatened), three category 2 candidate plant species (taxa with some evidence of
vulnerability but insufficient data to support listing at this time), one category 3a species (presumably extinct taxa), and
possibly three undescribed species growing within the MPRC boundary. The MPRC case study is an excellent example of why the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must be modified to require in-depth and thorough environmental surveys. 相似文献
544.
Application of a GIS-based stream buffer generation model to environmental policy evaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wei-Ning Xiang 《Environmental management》1993,17(6):817-827
In this article a GIS method is presented for riparian environmental buffer generation. It integrates a scientifically tested
buffer width delineation model into a GIS framework. Using the generally available data sets, it determines buffer widths
in terms of local physical conditions and expected effectiveness. Technical burdens of data management, computation, and result
presentation are handled by the GIS. The case study in which the method was used to evaluate the stream buffer regulations
in a North Carolina county demonstrates its capability as a decision support tool to facilitate environmental policy formulation
and evaluation, and environmental dispute resolution. 相似文献
545.
Environmental planning,ecosystem science,and ecosystem approaches for integrating environment and development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D. Scott Slocombe 《Environmental management》1993,17(3):289-303
Currently popular concepts such as sustainable development and sustainability seek the integration of environment and development
planning. However, there is little evidence that this integration is occurring in either mainstream development planning or
environmental planning. This is a function of the history, philosophies, and evolved roles of both. A brief review of the
experience and results of mainstream planning, environmental planning, and ecosystem science suggests there is much in past
scientific and professional practice that is relevant to the goal of integrated planning for environment and development,
but still such commonly recommended reforms as systems and multidisciplinary approaches, institutional integration, and participatory,
goal-oriented processes are rarely achieved. “Ecosystem approaches,” as developed and applied in ecology, human ecology, environmental
planning, anthropology, psychology, and other disciplines, may provide a more transdisciplinary route to successful integration
of environment and development. Experience with ecosystem approaches is reviewed, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed,
and they are compared to traditional urban and regional planning, environmental planning, and ecosystem science approaches.
Ultimately a synthesis of desirable characteristics for a framework to integrate environment and development planning is presented
as a guide for future work and a criterion for evaluating existing programs. 相似文献
546.
ELLISON BA 《Environmental management》1999,23(4):429-439
/ This paper explores the new politics of western water policy through an examination of the Animas-La Plata water project and implementation of the Endangered Species Act. It is suggested that the focus of western water programming has shifted from the source of distributed funds, the United States Congress, to the agencies originally created to deliver federal benefits because funding for new project construction has not been forthcoming. Under this new system, members of Congress continue to excite their constituents with promises of money for new project starts, while the administrative agencies perform the myriad duties needed to keep these projects alive. The result is that political objectives have replaced operational/management objectives in administrative processes. In this case, the author demonstrates how resource managers in the Bureau of Reclamation manipulated hydrological analysis to control administrative process, why their manipulation was unfair, and perhaps illegal, and why biologists from the US Fish and Wildlife Service accepted the analysis. While ostensibly protecting all interests, the result is that none of the objectives of federal water programming are achieved. KEY WORDS: Environmental management; Administrative politics; Water policy; Endangered Species Act; Animas-La Plata, Bureau of Reclamation 相似文献
547.
548.
/ The last 20 years have seen the successful application of environmental dispute resolution processes, where people voluntarily negotiate toward mutually acceptable solutions, to many environmental disputes. The effects of contextual influences, such as the number of parties and presence of deadlines, on outcomes are known and frequently described. Less well documented and understood are the interaction processes themselves. This paper draws on two case studies to develop a conceptual framework describing these processes. Disputes associated with management planning for the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in the United States and Fitzgerald River National Park in Australia provided the cases. The conceptual framework derived had eight sequential stages: (1) joint definition of problems, (2) uncertainty about what to do, (3) agreement on group procedures, (4) realization of interdependence, (5) enthusiasm about collective possibilities, (6) commitment to working together, (7) consolidation of the group, and (8) implementation of a resolution. The framework provides new insights for managers of public wildlands, especially the need for varying but ongoing managerial involvement in dispute resolution processes. High levels of involvement and influence are essential at the beginning in problem definition and group procedure design and at the end in implementing resolutions. Conversely, agency members must be willing to exert less influence, while still being involved and committed to collective purposes, during the middle stages. Also apparent from the conceptual framework is the importance of developing shared understandings and of allowing sufficient time for understanding to develop, if successful resolution is to be achieved. KEY WORDS: Environmental dispute resolution; Conceptual framework; Public wildlands; Shared understandings; Australia 相似文献
549.
耿世刚 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》1999,(2)
本文通过对我国的环境管理发展历程分析后认为,我国的环境管理模式已由过去单一的管理模式转变为强化执法监督、加大投入、注重技术相互结合的综合型管理模式,在继续强化执法监督的同时,不断提高环保投入的比例和不断增加科技含量,是环境管理发展的趋势。 相似文献
550.
中国环保事业的回顾与展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
曲格平 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》1999,(3)
1970年至现在的30年,中国的环境保护事业大致经历了三个阶段:1970年至1978年,是中国环境保护的萌芽和起步阶段;1979年至1991年,是中国环境保护的奠基和成长阶段;1992年至现在,是中国环境保护的发展和壮大阶段。本文对中国环保事业的发展历程进行了回顾和论述,在此基础上,展望了环境保护的前景,抒发了梦想与期待。 相似文献