一体化污水处理设备的应用与发展

针对目前的污水处理形势 ,分析了一体化污水处理设备的优点和优势。并介绍了一体化污水处理设备一般工艺及其近年来技术发展概况     

Consequence risk analysis using operating procedure event trees and dynamic simulation

Faults due to human errors cost the petrochemical industry billions of dollars every year and can have adverse environmental consequences. Unquantified human error probabilities exist during process state transitions performed each day by process operators using standard operating procedures. Managing the risks associated with operating procedures is an essential part of managing the overall safety risk. Additional operator training and safety education cannot eliminate all such faults due to human errors; therefore, we propose an operating procedure event tree (OPET) like analysis with branches and events specifically designed to perform risk analysis on operating procedures. The OPET method adapts event trees to analyze the risk due to human error while performing operating procedures. We consider human error scenarios during the procedure and determine the likely consequences by applying dynamic simulation. The modified event tree provides an estimate of the error frequencies.Operating procedure steps were developed, and potential operator faults were determined for two typical equipment switching procedures found in chemical plant operations. Then, dynamic simulation using Aspen HYSYS software was applied to determine the overpressure related consequences of each fault. Finally, the error frequencies resulting from those scenarios were analyzed using operating procedure event trees. We found that a typical ethylene plant gas header would overpressure with 0.6% frequency per manual dryer switch. Since dryer switches occur from every few days up to once per shift, these results suggest that dryer switching should be automated to ensure safe and environmentally friendly operation. Process dryer switching performed manually by operators opening and closing gate valves can be automated with control valves and a distributed control system. A sample distillation column was found to overpressure with 0.85% frequency per manual reflux pump switch.     

便携式场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动性能检测设备的研发

设计一套可用于场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动系统现场检验的在线检测设备,将制动性能测量、多通道信号处理算法,以及智能化诊断集成于一体,通过显示窗口反馈设备运行过程中的关键参数与预警部位,并为检测结果判断安全等级,从而提高了检验效率,实现了检验设备的小型化、智能化.     

装备资源性评价研究

从装备资源性以及装备资源性评价的相关概念出发,提出了装备资源性评价的基本原则。在此基础上,通过对装备全寿命周期各个阶段进行分析,选出对装备资源性影响较大的因素,进而提出装备资源性评价的主要内容以及相关评价指标,为后期装备资源性评价的实施提供理论支撑。     

基于健康风险的三氯杀螨醇生产设备表面污染物筛选值推算的初步研究

运用确定性和概率性人体健康风险评估的方法,推算一般工业暴露情景和拆卸清理暴露情景下三氯杀螨醇生产设备表面污染物的筛选值.结果表明:p,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴滴和p,p'-滴滴依基于确定性风险评估的设备表面筛选值在一般工业暴露情景下分别为0.224 mg/m2、0.214 mg/m2和0.151 mg/m2,在拆卸...     

Ageing management and monitoring of critical equipment at Seveso sites: An ontological approach

A safe “ageing” of Seveso establishments is a challenge for both operators and regulators. To this scope, Seveso III Directive required to integrate the equipment integrity issue into the safety management system for the major accident prevention; at the same time, the Italian Authority adopted a short-cut method for a quick ageing evaluation, which awards the application of the best techniques to control integrity and prevent deterioration-related failures. In this paper, the use of the ontology has been proposed to support decision-making about the implementation of technical solutions to control equipment ageing and comply the requirements of the Seveso legislation. To contrast deterioration mechanisms, the rapid development of data intensive smart sensors should be exploited and, in this frame, the automated on-line direct monitoring of equipment conditions, based on innovative low-cost sensors, is a novelty and promising solution. The developed ontology-based system points towards the adoption, when possible, of on-line monitoring. This solution provides much more data than traditional measurements and it is essential for the operators to understand how to merge concurrent information and data and to adequately control equipment deterioration. The ontology-based approach appears a viable solution even for this purpose. To demonstrate its potentiality, a real use-case has been used, where the model has been tested in finding the best technical solutions to improve the ageing management of an atmospheric distillation unit of a refinery in order to comply with safety requirements. A further use-case is given to show how the model can be used to react, after real-time damage signals, to restore safety conditions by means of an adequate decision-making.     

Zn composite corrosion resistance coatings: What works and what does not work?

Corrosion is one of the most significant contributors to structural degradation in process industries. It causes process equipment failure, which can led to severe safety issues. One approach to address this concern is to provide a preventive barrier-coating to equipment. Due to its superior reductive property, zinc is usually employed as a sacrificial anode in conventional corrosion-resistance methods. Nickel is also used to both mechanically strengthen the barrier and improve overall corrosion resistance; therefore, zinc, zinc-nickel alloys, and zinc-nickel-oxide composite coatings are commonly employed for anti-corrosion purposes. The complexation of zinc and nickel ions by agents (citrate, acetate and EDTA) can stabilize the electrodeposition bath and extend the pH of Ni(OH)₂ and ZnO precipitation to improve corrosion resistance in the resultant coating. This paper reviews the challenge with these type of coatings and presents progress in Zn and Zn-Ni composite corrosion resistance coatings co-deposited with Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃ as means of corrosion control to reduce the probability of process equipment failure due to corrosion, which will improve the overall safety and reliability of processing equipment.     

乌石化炼油厂污泥处理技术现状

介绍了国内外有关含油污泥的处理技术、以及乌石化炼油厂的三泥处理技术进展。     

我国电子废弃物收集体系构想

解决中国电子废弃物问题，一是控制电子废弃物进入非正式循环利用者手中；二是把非正式循环利用系统纳入良好的电子废弃物管理系统，使之成为更有效和对环境友好的系统。因此，如何把千家万户废弃的电子废弃物有效收集起来，是关系到电子废弃物管理和循环利用的重要环节。在我国建立良好的电子废弃物收集体系，应以市场经济和目前我国“城乡二元经济”为基础，建立具有收集主体多元化、收集方式多样化，收集途径多渠道等特点的电子废弃物收集体系。