海子山自然保护区生态环境质量评价

海子山自然保护区生态环境独特,珍稀濒危动物富集,但在人类干扰下,其生态环境逐步恶化。本文采用层次分析法,选取自然性、多样性、代表性、稀有性、生态脆弱性、面积适宜性、人类干扰等7项指标对该自然保护区的生态环境质量进行定量评价。结果表明,该自然保护区自然性赋值为4分,多样性赋值为3分,代表性赋值为4分,稀有性赋值为4分,生态脆弱性赋值为3分,面积适宜性赋值为4分,人类干扰赋值为2分,综合评价指数为0.78,生态环境质量较好,但今后仍应加大该区的保护与管理。     

Preferences and willingness to pay for close to home nature for outdoor recreation in Sweden

In Sweden there is a strong tradition of using nature areas for outdoor recreation. This paper reports on a study which explored preferences and willingness to pay for outdoor recreation close to home (≤100 km away from home and ≤24 hours stay at a recreation site) using the contingent valuation method. The data originated from a mail survey that involved Swedish residents who were randomly selected from a national register. An ordinary least squares regression model was used to account for factors influencing willingness to pay. The results showed that approximately 50% of the respondents used nature areas close to their home for recreation and their average frequency of visits to these areas was 74 times annually. Areas dominated by forests were the most preferred, followed by water. The respondents were willing to pay approximately 7200 SEK (US$1080) annually. Their willingness to pay was influenced by factors such as type of nature area, distance to and time spent at the recreation site and income. The results provide one input to the land use planning process by considering the demand for nature-based outdoor recreation close to home.     

羊毛吸声毡在演艺建筑中的应用——以无锡大剧院为例

羊毛吸声毡是一种新开发的绿色环保吸声材料,采用羊毛纺织工业弃用的粗羊毛制成。羊毛吸声毡具有优异的防火、声学和环保性能,在文化演艺建筑中得到了大量应用。     

Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontier

Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our data comprised 241 face-to-face quantitative surveys, complemented with qualitative insights from open-ended questionnaire responses and opportunistic semistructured interviews. To account for the full spectrum of possible inner motivations, we employed measures of nature connection (indicating biospheric motivation) and personal values organized around the traditionalism (traditionalist through to high openness to change) and universalism dimensions (egoistic through to altruistic motivations). We used averaged beta-binomial generalized linear models to assess the role of external factors (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and environmental) and personal (inner) motivations on the variation in attitudes. Each attitude was modeled separately. The relative importance of each predictor was judged by the proportion of models where it appeared as significant. Proconservation views were expressed by the majority (at least 65%) of the respondents in 7 out of the 9 attitude models. The most consistent predictors were emotional nature connection and personal values (significant in 4–6 out of 9 models), rather than external phenomena (significant in 0–5 models). However, the poorest farmers had lower scores on the agreement with prioritizing nature over development (𝛽 = –0.52, 95% CI: –0.96 to –0.07). Qualitative data also indicated that economic barriers hinder forest conservation on farms. These results suggest that biospheric, traditionalistic, and altruistic motivations promote people's proconservation attitudes, but nurturing these latent motivations is unlikely to improve conservation outcomes if material poverty remains unaddressed. Integrating the inner–outer perspective into conservation thinking and practical interventions could foster environmental stewardship and increase human well-being.     

南京市空气质量预报效果评估及误差分析

基于2020年南京市空气质量实况数据及预报数据,评估了当年南京市空气质量预报效果,分析了预报偏差特征及其成因。结果表明,4个季节中,秋季的空气质量指数(AQI)预报准确率评分和综合评分最高,夏季的首要污染物准确率评分最高;4个季节均出现正预报偏差,其中夏、冬季偏差大于春、秋季;首要污染物误报率与季节相关,二氧化氮(NO_(2))和可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))的误报率较高的原因是NO_(2)和PM_(10)作为首要污染物主要出现在春、秋季,而这2个季节4种主要污染物的空气质量分指数(IAQI)值非常接近,增加了预报员经验修正的难度。典型预报偏差个例分析结果表明,模式预报对于污染物质量浓度量级的预报偏差以及预报员对气象条件和前体物质量浓度变化关注不足,是导致最终预报出现低估的主要原因。     

经济发达地区城市灾害综合应对能力评价分析——以珠江三角洲城市为例

以我国经济发达的珠江三角洲经济区城市作为研究对象,构建了城市自然灾害综合应对能力评价指标体系,在实证测算研究的基础上,对经济快速发展过程中珠三角城市自然灾害应对能力的时空演变规律、协调度特征等进行了分析和研究,对综合评价城市灾害管理水平具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

Desert ants adjust their approach to a foraging site according to experience

In the habitat of desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, a constant wind is usually blowing during the daytime. When visiting a familiar food source, the ants steer some distance downwind of the feeder, rather than attempting a direct approach that might miss small food sources, in particular. In the downwind area, the ants pick up the odor plume emanating from the food and follow it upwind to the prey. This strategy saves considerable walking distance and time. The additional path necessitated by the downwind strategy is only about 0.75 to 2 m, depending on nest–feeder distance, while missing the food on the upwind side results in much longer search trajectories. During the initial three to five visits to a feeding site, downwind distance and length of the approach path are shortened notably, and the approach trajectory is straightened. Desert ants further exhibit considerable short-term flexibility in their approach. Experienced individuals are evidently able to decide upon leaving the nest which direction to choose toward the feeder, depending on current wind direction (that fluctuates slightly during the day). Notable changes in wind direction occur primarily overnight. For larger nest–feeder distances, the animals adjust their approach en route to the altered wind direction during their first foraging trip in the morning.     

Meta-analysis of human connection to nature and proenvironmental behavior

Understanding what drives environmentally protective or destructive behavior is important to the design and implementation of effective public policies to encourage people's engagement in proenvironmental behavior (PEB). Research shows that a connection to nature is associated with greater engagement in PEB. However, the variety of instruments and methods used in these studies poses a major barrier to integrating research findings. We conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between connection to nature and PEB. We identified studies through a systematic review of the literature and used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to analyze the results from 37 samples (n = 13,237) and to test for moderators. A random-effects model demonstrated a positive and significant association between connection to nature and PEB (r = 0.42, 95% CI 0.36, 0.47, p < 0.001). People who are more connected to nature reported greater engagement in PEB. Standard tests indicated little effect of publication bias in the sample. There was significant heterogeneity among the samples. Univariate categorical analyses showed that the scales used to measure connection to nature and PEB were significant moderators and explained the majority of the between-study variance. The geographic location of a study, age of participants, and the percentage of females in a study were not significant moderators. We found that a deeper connection to nature may partially explain why some people behave more proenvironmentally than others and that the relationship is ubiquitous. Facilitating a stronger connection to nature may result in greater engagement in PEB and conservation, although more longitudinal studies with randomized experiments are required to demonstrate causation.     

豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状调查及生态保护规划

对豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状进行了调查,并提出了生态保护规划。     

准噶尔盆地南缘活化沙丘植被自然恢复初探——以梭梭、白梭梭为例

古尔班通古特沙漠边缘植被破坏严重,沙丘活化明显,是新疆干旱区植被恢复的重点地区之一,一般缺乏地表水补充,其沙丘的水分状况便成为植被生存和恢复过程的关键条件。为掌握古尔班通古特沙漠边缘活化沙丘水分状况,并在其上恢复自然植被,对植物生长期内沙丘水分进行连续监测,并采用当地采集的梭梭、白梭梭种子进行植被恢复实验,结果表明:活化沙丘表层存在干沙层,沙丘中部和下部存在稳定湿沙层,处在距沙丘表面60 cm以下,且厚度超过100 cm,具备植被自然恢复的基础,干沙层的形成速率和风蚀是制约活化沙丘植被自然恢复的决定因素。